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	<title>The Rap Guide to Evolution</title>
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	<link>http://rapguidetoevolution.co.uk</link>
	<description>Beats, Rhymes, &#38; the Science of Life</description>
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		<title>Tennessee Monkey Trials (Cross post)</title>
		<link>http://rapguidetoevolution.co.uk/tennessee-monkey-trials-cross-post</link>
		<comments>http://rapguidetoevolution.co.uk/tennessee-monkey-trials-cross-post#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 29 Apr 2012 21:09:39 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Baba</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Blog]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[controversy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[education]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[evolution]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[religion]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://rapguidetoevolution.co.uk/?p=1458</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Cross posted from www.bababrinkman.com Last Wednesay Jamie and I performed the Rap Guide to Evolution for a group of 120 students and teachers at Union County High School in East Tennessee, and I&#8217;m proud but also sorry to say there &#8230; <a href="http://rapguidetoevolution.co.uk/tennessee-monkey-trials-cross-post">Continue reading <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a>]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Cross posted from <a href="http://www.bababrinkman.com/tennessee-monkey-trials/" target="_blank">www.bababrinkman.com</a></p>
<p>Last Wednesay Jamie and I performed the Rap Guide to Evolution for a group of 120 students and teachers at Union County High School in East Tennessee, and I&#8217;m proud but also sorry to say there has been some backlash since. I&#8217;m proud because my intention with the show has always been to bring the most controversial aspects of Darwin&#8217;s theory to the forefront and give those debates further exposure and I&#8217;ve certainly done that. But I&#8217;m sorry because the offense I caused wasn&#8217;t entirely intentional.</p>
<p>I&#8217;ll cover the backlash first, and then the show. The first was a Twitter exchange I had with a student that went like this. Him: &#8220;If we aren&#8217;t allowed to pray in schools how can we invite atheists to come and speak&#8221; Me: &#8220;Because critical thinking is educational&#8221; Him: &#8220;nothing educational about cursing and flipping off high school students&#8221; Me: &#8220;unless it&#8217;s in a theatrical context, to make the point that cultural evolution is driven by imitation of words and gestures&#8221; Me again: &#8220;but I think you&#8217;re right, the point didn&#8217;t come across, just the offence. Hence, performance, feedback, revision&#8221; End transmission.</p>
<p>The next round came the day after the performance, when <a href="http://nimbios.org/" target="_blank">NIMBioS</a> received several complaint emails from both the principal and the biology teacher. I wasn&#8217;t allowed to read the emails because of confidentiality clauses, but the gist of them came to me pretty clearly watercooler-gossip-style, since the incident was the talk of the institute (briefly). On a semi-related note, one of the researchers here is developing a mathematical model for predicting the spread and veracity of rumors. This one ought to be a candidate.</p>
<p>Obviously I can&#8217;t verify the exact wording, but the phrases I heard tossed around were &#8220;utterly disgraceful&#8221; &#8220;inappropriate&#8221; &#8220;obscene gestures&#8221; &#8220;insulting&#8221; &#8220;too much cursing&#8221; and &#8220;Christianity bashing&#8221;. The general message was that the content was not school-appropriate and it focussed too much on the religion and too little on the science, and I&#8217;m told they held a special assembly so the principle could address grievances and questions about the show. The director of NIMBioS had to issue an apology to the school (first time!) and the show I had scheduled at a different school the next day was abruptly cancelled. I guess the High School Principals in the area stay in touch.</p>
<p>* Correction: I recently learned that the second high school actually cancelled <em>before</em> the performance at Union County, citing concerns about the potential offence I would cause to believers in intelligent design after watching some of my YouTube videos.</p>
<p>Banned in the USA like <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2_Live_Crew" target="_blank">2 Live Crew</a>! Not really; apparently just banned from Knoxville-area High Schools. Speaking of 2 Live Crew, I was honestly surprised by the cursing and obscene gestures complaint. We started the show with the song &#8220;<a href="http://rapguidetoevolution.co.uk/natural-selection" target="_blank">Natural Selection</a>&#8220;, with its less-than-conciliatory &#8220;Creationism is dead wrong!&#8221; refrain, actually a hip-hop paraphrase of Darwin: &#8220;The view&#8230; that each species has been independently created, is erroneous.&#8221; Then we moved on to &#8220;<a href="http://bababrinkman.bandcamp.com/track/black-eyed-peas" target="_blank">Artificial Selection / Black-eyed Peas</a>&#8220;, but it was half way through &#8220;<a href="http://rapguidetoevolution.co.uk/i’m-a-african" target="_blank">I&#8217;m A African</a>&#8221; that I was urgently signaled to stop. I told Jamie to cut the beat, thinking &#8220;that&#8217;s it, they&#8217;re pulling the plug&#8221; but instead I was handed a note that read &#8220;NO MORE CURSING!&#8221;</p>
<p>I was truly bewildered for a moment, because the off-Broadway version of the show is rich with (non-gratuitous) foul language, f-bombs galore, and I had cleaned it right up for the school show. Then it hit me, so I said to the kids: &#8220;I&#8217;ve been asked to stop swearing, and I assume they are referring to my use of the expressions &#8216;damn right&#8217; and &#8216;hell yeah&#8217; in the chorus of &#8220;I&#8217;m A African&#8221;, or possibly my use of the expression &#8216;pissed-off&#8217; in the previous song. I&#8217;d like to apologize for my cultural ignorance, since these are simply not considered swear words in Canada, where I&#8217;m from. I was allowed to say them in school as a student and I&#8217;ve said them dozens of times in schools while performing this show in Canada and the UK and even other areas of America, but it&#8217;s my first time here, so I&#8217;m sorry if I&#8217;ve offended anyone. Okay, on with the show&#8230; I&#8217;m a African!&#8221; I heard later that the teachers were furious at me for repeating the offensive words again. It just seemed like a teachable moment.</p>
<p>I was told later that the religious offence was caused not only by my choice of words but also by my choice of images in the keynote presentation. I showed the <a href="http://rapguidetoevolution.co.uk/darwin’s-acid" target="_blank">new video for &#8220;Darwin&#8217;s Acid&#8221;</a> while performing the song, and also projected the classic jesus-with-a-dinosaur portrait face-to-face with a portrait of Darwin during the family dinner creationism/evolution debate in &#8220;<a href="http://rapguidetoevolution.co.uk/creationist-cousins" target="_blank">Creationist Cousins</a>&#8220;, as we do in the off-Broadway show. This was another moment of cultural insensitivity on my part, since I literally added those slides in the car that very morning, thinking it would increase the entertainment value of the scene. As per my tweet, in retrospect I think the theatrical context, ie a dramatization of actual debates with family members, was overwhelmed by the image projected six-feet-tall on stage behind me.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img class="aligncenter" title="Jesus and the Dinosaur" src="http://gorightly.files.wordpress.com/2008/10/jesus_and_the_dinosaurs.jpg" alt="" width="480" height="685" /></p>
<p>As for the &#8220;obscene gestures&#8221;, that&#8217;s a piece from the song &#8220;Artificial Selection / Black-eyed Peas&#8221; where I perform the show&#8217;s only (intentional) Eminem impression. The lyrics go:</p>
<p>Survival on stage is a non-random process<br />
&#8216;Cause those who get massive responses<br />
Tend to influence those who aspire<br />
To get massive responses<br />
So if you say I sound like an Eminem rip-off<br />
Then I&#8217;ll probably get pissed-off<br />
And start flipping you off<br />
And grabbing my crotch<br />
And acting obnoxious<br />
Screaming [in a nasal old-school Eminem voice]<br />
&#8220;Naw dawg, that&#8217;s proposterous!&#8221;</p>
<p>Here&#8217;s the same bit in a recent Wired Magazine feature:</p>
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<p>I complete the impression by momentarily grabbing my crotch and giving the crowd the finger in the style of Em&#8217;s &#8220;My Name Is&#8221; video (among others), part satire, part tribute, part serious point about how memes spread via mimicry. In this school, however, giving students the finger and crotch-grabbing were not welcome, and at least one student was more offended than educated. Then, in an uncanny coincidence, I accidentally slammed the offending finger in a minivan door the following day and my fingernail turned black. My crotch, at the time of this writing, is fine.</p>
<p>At the end of the show we had a productive and entertaining question period which included such gems as &#8220;What if the world blows up and Jesus comes back and there&#8217;s no more evolution?&#8221; and &#8220;Wait, are you saying we <em>should</em> have sex, or we <em>shouldn&#8217;t</em> have sex?&#8221; and afterwards the students who were interviewed by NIMBioS staff said the show was interesting, entertaining, made them think about the science, etc. Some of them said they disagreed with me and believed the religion version and not the evolution version, but none of them seemed too put-off by the experience. NIMBioS is working on a video with those student interviews, but in the meantime if you&#8217;re curious about my very judicious answers to those priceless questions, you can watch it unfold here:</p>
<p><iframe src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/kEuOcdAEcBE" frameborder="0" width="560" height="315"></iframe></p>
<p>Then, two days after this performance in which I confess I did blaspheme and mock religion mercilessly, I was stricken by a plague, tonsillitis actually, and spent three days in bed with a 104 degree fever and horrible sore throat, shivering and contemplating the origins of both the religious and the rational interpretations of chance events, especially ones that look uncannily like some kind of comeuppance.</p>
<p>Anyway, I&#8217;m fine now thanks to science-based medicine, penicillin having kicked the bacteria&#8217;s ciliated ass, and a few days ago Jamie and I performed the big (uncensored) on-campus show <a href="http://utdailybeacon.com/student-life/2012/apr/17/artist-raps-new-style/" target="_blank">at the University of Tennessee</a>, which got a unanimous standing ovation. Redemption.</p>
<p>So is there any revision called for? In the future I&#8217;ll consult more closely with teachers to make sure expressions like &#8220;damn&#8221; and &#8220;hell&#8221; aren&#8217;t deal breakers. They spice up the show but are certainly not essential to the experience, and maybe I could have reached more students by toning it down (although I&#8217;m skeptical, more likely the toned-down version would reach fewer students while placating more teachers).</p>
<p>As for the unequivocal &#8220;creationism is dead wrong&#8221; message, that most definitely IS crucial to the show and I&#8217;m happy to defend it to anyone. Hence, <em>caveat emptor</em>, but this is definitely not my last high school appearance.</p>
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		<slash:comments>5</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Creationist Cousins</title>
		<link>http://rapguidetoevolution.co.uk/creationist-cousins</link>
		<comments>http://rapguidetoevolution.co.uk/creationist-cousins#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 29 Apr 2012 01:00:56 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>rapguide</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Video]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Common Ancestors]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Creationism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Intelligent Design]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Kinship]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Parental Investment Theory]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Philosophical Naturalism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Primate Evolution]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Scientific Method]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sexual Dimorphism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Social Constructivism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sociobiology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Statistics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Tree of Life]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Unity of Common Descent]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://rapguidetoevolution.co.uk/?p=804</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Creationist cousins, they’re my relations, I love ‘em But when they talk about Jesus and Revelations and Judges I’ve gotta take it up with them ‘Cause there’s a better explanation for the place that we come from, okay? Creationist cousins, &#8230; <a href="http://rapguidetoevolution.co.uk/creationist-cousins">Continue reading <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a>]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Creationist cousins, they’re my relations, I love ‘em<br />
But when they talk about Jesus and Revelations and Judges<br />
I’ve gotta take it up with them<br />
‘Cause there’s a better explanation for the place that we come from, okay?<br />
Creationist cousins, they’re my relations, I love ‘em<br />
But at the dinner table we get on some crazy discussions<br />
I’m always questioning their basic assumptions<br />
And saying, “yes I believe we came from monkeys, okay?”</p>
<p>That’s the idea that most enrages Darwin’s detractors<br />
The idea that we came from ape-like ancestors<br />
Some people still question this, and say: “If we came from<br />
Monkeys, then how come there’s monkeys still in existence?”<br />
Allow me to illustrate a similar instance<br />
I’m descended from Dutch Calvinist immigrants<br />
Who came to Canada in the 1950s<br />
And I still have second cousins who live in the Netherlands<br />
But they’re not my ancestors; they’re my relatives<br />
Since we have common genetic elements<br />
Inherited from our great grandparents<br />
That’s just three generations back, but here’s the relevance<br />
Three thousand generations back, human beings all have<br />
Common ancestors, so really we’re all relatives<br />
Which also means all relationships are relatively incestuous<br />
Further back we have common ancestors with chimps<br />
And gorillas and elephants and plants, and billions<br />
Of years back our ancestors are all single-cellular<br />
But what I find incredible isn’t this principle<br />
Of “unity of common descent”, that’s just elegant<br />
What’s incredible to me is that some of my living relatives<br />
Still believe the earth was created about seventy-odd<br />
Centuries ago – around the time of the Egyptians<br />
By a benevolent God and that this same God<br />
Is currently manipulating the elements<br />
And that evolutionism is devilish<br />
Did I mention that I was descended from Calvinist fundamentalists?<br />
Well, I still have cousins as dedicated representatives<br />
Approximately twenty percent of them<br />
And at the dinner table we debate statistics<br />
And those debates get kind of interesting<br />
They go like this&#8230;</p>
<p>Creationist cousins, they’re my relations, I love ‘em<br />
But when they talk about Jesus and Revelations and Judges<br />
I’ve gotta take it up with them<br />
‘Cause there’s a better explanation for the place that we come from, okay?<br />
Creationist cousins, they’re my relations, I love ‘em<br />
But at the dinner table we get on some crazy discussions<br />
I’m always questioning their basic assumptions<br />
And saying, “yes I believe we came from monkeys, okay?”</p>
<p>I say, “Creationism is unscientific<br />
Ninety-nine percent of practicing scientists accept evolution<br />
As the best explanation we have for living systems<br />
Why? Because there’s overwhelming empirical evidence!”<br />
And they say, “Baba, science isn’t run by consensus<br />
That one percent is quite significant<br />
Those are the creationist scientists who have found signs<br />
Of intelligent design, but whenever they try and<br />
Publish it in the mainstream literature, they get black-listed<br />
Besides, your presuppositions are materialistic<br />
Maybe all that evidence scientists say they’ve collected<br />
Just empirically proves that God wants our faith to be tested!”<br />
So then I say, “But that means your benevolent God<br />
Is perpetrating a massive intellectual fraud!<br />
So either evolution is the victim of a frame job<br />
Which explains all of its predictive successes<br />
Or we have to separate God from the scientific method”<br />
And that’s when my sister steps in<br />
To defend a different kind of creationism – Cultural creationism,<br />
Also known as “social constructivism” or “post-modernism”<br />
She says: “Baba, the Western scientific method<br />
Is just as subjective as every other cultural tradition<br />
Except it’s just better at pretending to be objective<br />
Because, like, all behaviour is socially constructed<br />
And mostly, it just promotes injustice<br />
And, like, gender roles have nothing to do with genitals<br />
They’re just a way for men to control women’s goals<br />
And try to turn us all into Playboy centerfolds<br />
Haven’t you heard about that tribe in the Amazon<br />
Where the woman does the man’s jobs and hunts and plants the crops<br />
And brings home the food for the man to wash?<br />
Um, I can’t remember exactly what that clan is called<br />
But I know it’s a published fact<br />
Because I read about it in my Women’s Studies class<br />
And it proves that gender is a socially constructed act<br />
So how does sociobiology explain that?”<br />
And all I can do is come back with more statistics<br />
About the high percentage of indigenous<br />
Societies where polygamy is prolific<br />
And about human sexual dimorphism<br />
And the different reproductive investments between men and women<br />
Which of course then gets my religious cousins offended<br />
Because it doesn’t credit Genesis with our humble beginnings<br />
And, let’s just say, the discussions are endless<br />
But it isn’t about who is impartial; no one’s impartial<br />
It’s about how much evidence you can marshal<br />
And how you deliver the parcel<br />
And when my relatives argue, I have to have faith<br />
That we can reach the genuine article in a rational way<br />
That’s a different kind of faith than my cousins have<br />
In divine creation, but hey, to all of my relatives<br />
And fellow primates, I say<br />
If it makes you feel better, go head and pray<br />
In fact, here’s how I pray in a secular way<br />
I say, “I have creationist relatives and relative apes<br />
And I wish them all happiness, whatever their faith<br />
And I wish myself patience, since I relish debates<br />
Let us all be respectful and still tell it straight”</p>
<p>Creationist cousins, they’re my relations, I love ‘em<br />
But when they talk about Jesus and Revelations and Judges<br />
I’ve gotta take it up with them<br />
‘Cause there’s a better explanation for the place that we come from, okay?<br />
Creationist cousins, they’re my relations, I love ‘em<br />
But at the dinner table we get on some crazy discussions<br />
I’m always questioning their basic assumptions<br />
And saying, “yes I believe we came from monkeys, okay?”</p>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://rapguidetoevolution.co.uk/creationist-cousins/feed</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>3</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Response to a Concerned Teacher&#8217;s Comment</title>
		<link>http://rapguidetoevolution.co.uk/concerned-teachers</link>
		<comments>http://rapguidetoevolution.co.uk/concerned-teachers#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 14 Apr 2012 21:22:25 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Baba</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Blog]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://rapguidetoevolution.co.uk/?p=1427</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Recently a (very amusing) comment was posted on the video page for Natural Selection, which deserves a comprehensive response. Catherine Borgard writes: I loved this and I would really like to use a version of it in my high school &#8230; <a href="http://rapguidetoevolution.co.uk/concerned-teachers">Continue reading <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a>]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Recently a (very amusing) comment was posted on the <a href="http://rapguidetoevolution.co.uk/natural-selection#comments" target="_blank">video page for Natural Selection</a>, which deserves a comprehensive response. Catherine Borgard writes:</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">I loved this and I would really like to use a version of it in my high school biology class; however, I can float the whole thing until the mention of god is a jerk off or jerking off? I don’t suppose you have a slightly modified version that will only have half the town after me instead of the entire community burning a cross on my front lawn? Just curious from a mildly religious conservative community of nutty. . .</p>
<p>Catherine,</p>
<p>Thanks for your comment on the Natural Selection video. The problematic line you mentioned is: &#8220;If there is a personal god, then he&#8217;s been jerkin&#8217; off,&#8221; and I&#8217;m aware that the line will not be appropriate for some classroom settings, but I still stand behind it, and I&#8217;m sorry I don&#8217;t have a &#8220;radio friendly&#8221; version! Teachers will have to use their own discretion as to which videos are appropriate for which age groups and demographics, and at the very least my intention was to provoke debate.</p>
<p>If you look on the <a href="http://rapguidetoevolution.co.uk/natural-selection" target="_blank">video page</a> and scroll down to the annotated lyrics, you&#8217;ll see I&#8217;ve made a note on that lyric: &#8220;A somewhat crude way of expressing the fact that there is no reliable evidence for the existence of a personal God, hence &#8216;he&#8217; can hardly be said to &#8216;do&#8217; anything of interest.&#8221; In this context &#8220;jerkin&#8217; off&#8221; is just used as a slang term for &#8220;wasting time&#8221; or &#8220;being inactive&#8221; as in &#8220;stop jerkin&#8217; off and get some work done&#8221;. It just happens to be a nice rhyme for &#8220;personal god&#8221; so I decided to use it.</p>
<p>Inappropriate or not, this line is meant to delve into the debate as to whether Darwin&#8217;s theory, which in principle explains the origins and details of every living thing, both in terms of behaviour and anatomy, leaves anything interesting for god to &#8220;do&#8221;. Personally I think not, but everyone gets to make their own decision based on their understanding of Darwin&#8217;s theory.</p>
<p>By way of further discussion, <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bU1ri-ZnYiA" target="_blank">here&#8217;s a lecture from a philosopher</a> (Eliot Sober) who believes Darwin&#8217;s theory is not, in principle, a logical refutation of the existence of god, personal or otherwise. And <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3x9hqYkI1Aw" target="_blank">here&#8217;s another lecture</a>, this time from a philosopher (Dan Dennett) who believes Darwin&#8217;s theory doesn&#8217;t leave anything interesting for god to do, hence belief in god becomes pointless and illogical once you understand the theory. Whichever way each of your students leans, I hope they will all agree it&#8217;s an interesting debate to have.</p>
<p>I&#8217;m posting this response as a blog since I&#8217;m sure you won&#8217;t be the first or the last teacher to raise this concern. If you deem the Natural Selection video inappropriate (as is your prerogative) I recommend the videos for <a href="http://rapguidetoevolution.co.uk/worst-comes-to-worst" target="_blank">Worst Comes to Worst</a> or <a href="http://rapguidetoevolution.co.uk/dna" target="_blank">DNA</a> or <a href="http://rapguidetoevolution.co.uk/i’m-a-african" target="_blank">I&#8217;m A African</a> as more universally age-appropraite.</p>
<p>All the best,</p>
<p>Baba</p>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Darwin’s Acid</title>
		<link>http://rapguidetoevolution.co.uk/darwin%e2%80%99s-acid</link>
		<comments>http://rapguidetoevolution.co.uk/darwin%e2%80%99s-acid#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 01 Apr 2012 22:56:12 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>rapguide</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Video]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Adaptation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Common Ancestors]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cultural Evolution]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ecosystem]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Natural Selection]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Parental Investment Theory]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Reproductive Strategies]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sexual Selection]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://rapguidetoevolution.co.uk/?p=822</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[In 1859 Darwin spilled the first splashes Of his universal acid, and the effects were like magic Burning human arrogance into ashes In pretty much the same way that Copernican math did No, the stars don’t shine just to improve &#8230; <a href="http://rapguidetoevolution.co.uk/darwin%e2%80%99s-acid">Continue reading <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a>]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>In 1859 Darwin spilled the first splashes<br />
Of his universal acid, and the effects were like magic<br />
Burning human arrogance into ashes<br />
In pretty much the same way that Copernican math did<br />
No, the stars don’t shine just to improve the view from earth<br />
No, we’re not the centre of the universe<br />
No, we weren’t created in the image of Jupiter<br />
No, we’re not so special, and yes, the truth hurts<br />
But that’s how evolution works – once it’s been applied<br />
The acid burns into the superstitious side<br />
Of the human mind, and fills it with light<br />
It even dissolves the original sin of pride<br />
The pride that says: “I’m a special creation<br />
And my creator has given me dominion over nature<br />
And he has the power to replenish his creatures<br />
So if species go extinct, he can recreate them later<br />
And if he doesn’t, well that’s just part of his plan”<br />
Ah, but Darwin’s acid is hard to withstand<br />
It plucks the arrogance deep from within the hearts of man<br />
And teaches us never to build our houses on sand<br />
But instead to try to understand why we’re here<br />
One species among millions in this biosphere<br />
Each with millions of ancestors, whose fighting spirits<br />
Combined to give us this great survival gear<br />
These minds, these limbs, these incredible tools<br />
Perfected by millennia of competitive use<br />
And yes, these attention-seeking genitals too<br />
Without them, these living forms could never improve<br />
It’s such an elegant view, full of breadth and grandeur<br />
And yet, some people react with depression and anger<br />
Like: “It’s so unsympathetic, so viciously random!<br />
What’s the point of compassion, or ethical standards?<br />
If this is just a game that organisms are trapped in<br />
Genetically adapting to environmental factors<br />
Then there’s no responsibility for individual actions!<br />
Where’s the governing dynamic?!?”<br />
Well, once again Darwin gives us some answers<br />
He says yes, everything from violence to violets to viruses<br />
Consists of organisms adapting to environments<br />
If you’re alive, it’s because your ancestors were the best survivalists<br />
They were the finalists in the genetic Olympic Games<br />
Every one of your ancestors lived to reproductive age<br />
And they were all better than their competitors at getting laid<br />
Otherwise, you wouldn’t be sitting here today<br />
There’s something inspirational in this vision of Darwin’s<br />
And it goes like this: organisms – like us – are not isolated<br />
Organisms are part of an environmental mix<br />
So your decisions affect evolution – it isn’t directionless<br />
Now, before you dismiss me as a mad environmentalist<br />
Just try to imagine how natural selection applies<br />
To countries that have industrialized<br />
Companies live and companies die<br />
And when customers buy based on a company’s green plan<br />
That affects the economy, just ask Alan Greenspan<br />
Cultural evolution is ours to reinvent<br />
Wait, can we affect current events? Yes We Can<br />
And when we choose who to sleep with and reproduce<br />
Our sexual choices affect the gene pool<br />
So it’s simple, all we need to do is refuse<br />
To sleep with mean people, and things will improve<br />
Especially women – on you the pressure is greater<br />
‘Cause men will always do what it takes to get into your favour<br />
That’s just in our nature, so if selfish behaviour<br />
Was a sexual graveyard, the effects would be major!<br />
In each of these cases, our intentional efforts<br />
Can play the part of environmental pressures<br />
I can say: “This is a space where a peaceful existence<br />
Will never be threatened by needless aggression”<br />
I can say: “This is an ecosystem where people listen<br />
Where justice increases over egotism<br />
This is a space where religions achieve co-existence<br />
And racism decreases with each coalition”<br />
This is my vision of Darwinism, and how we all factor in<br />
Each of us is a part of the environment; we pass through it<br />
And change it, and affect the way that others adapt to it<br />
And after we get to look back and see how we impacted it<br />
And maybe have a laugh if our sense of humour is still alive<br />
And what did Charles Darwin do? Darwin threw some light<br />
On the origin of mankind, and he left us with skewered pride<br />
But he taught us that, yes, there’s grandeur in this view of life</p>
<p>“There is grandeur in this view of life, with its several powers having been originally breathed into a few forms or into one, and that, whilst this planet has gone cycling on according to the fixed law of gravity, from so simple a beginning, endless forms most beautiful, and most wonderful have been, and are being, evolved.”<br />
Charles Darwin, Origin of Species</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Hypnotize</title>
		<link>http://rapguidetoevolution.co.uk/hypnotize</link>
		<comments>http://rapguidetoevolution.co.uk/hypnotize#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 04 Mar 2012 12:59:51 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>rapguide</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Video]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Costly Signaling]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Fitness Display]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Handicap Principle]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mating Dance]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Origins of Language]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sexual Selection]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://rapguidetoevolution.co.uk/?p=813</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Sicker than your ; picture Any artistic practice, with musicians or actors Or ; just pick an example And imagine the competitive advantages That would come with if you have the gift Now picture the artist with , and with &#8230; <a href="http://rapguidetoevolution.co.uk/hypnotize">Continue reading <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a>]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Sicker than your <a id="tippy_tip0_4092"   class=" tippy_link" title="average"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: ' Natural selection is often calculated in terms of &ldquo;average fitness&rdquo; or the ability of a gene or organism to succeed, on average, in competition with other genes or organisms in the population. A gene that is spread by sexual selection is &ldquo;sicker than your average&rdquo; &amp;#40;&ldquo;sick&rdquo; in hip-hop slang means &ldquo;highly skilled&rdquo;&amp;#41; &ndash; in so far as it is good at getting itself replicated by attracting high-quality members of the opposite sex. ', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip0_4092', title: 'average', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">average</a>; picture</p>
<div id="attachment_1431" class="wp-caption alignright" style="width: 458px"><a href="http://rapguidetoevolution.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/Picture-91.png"><img class="size-large wp-image-1431 " title="picturesque women" src="http://rapguidetoevolution.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/Picture-91-1024x546.png" alt="picturesque women" width="448" height="239" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Are picturesque women/men always giving you glances?</p></div>
<p>Any artistic practice, with musicians or actors<br />
Or <a id="tippy_tip1_9124"   class=" tippy_link" title="visual craftsman"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: ' Music, visual arts, poetry, storytelling, acting &amp;#40;mimicry&amp;#41; and many other human talents generally considered &ldquo;sexy&rdquo; are all hypothesized to be the products of sexual selection. ', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip1_9124', title: 'visual craftsman', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">visual craftsman</a>; just pick an example<br />
And imagine the competitive advantages<br />
That would come with <a id="tippy_tip2_4236"   class=" tippy_link" title="recognition"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: 'In primates, social status is often measured in terms of &ldquo;recognition,&rdquo; where high-status individuals eat first, mate first, and receive more attention than low-status individuals ', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip2_4236', title: 'recognition', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">recognition</a> if you have the gift<br />
Now picture the artist with <a id="tippy_tip3_6207"   class=" tippy_link" title="unlimited cash"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: 'In humans, money has become a secondary form of social status, although it is still widely recognized as a lower-quality marker of genetic quality than the ability to directly win contests &amp;#40;of wits, brawn, style, strategy, persuasion, etc&amp;#41;. ', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip3_6207', title: 'unlimited cash', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">unlimited cash</a>, and with<br />
Picturesque women always givin’ him glances<br />
Or, if you’re picturing a woman, then picture the advances<br />
Of the <a id="tippy_tip4_1886"   class=" tippy_link" title="handsome prince"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: ' The male reward is plural and the female reward singular because, on average, males benefit more genetically from multiple partners, although individual men and women may still have atypical preferences. What partners you choose, is otherwise known as &lt;strong&gt;mate choice&lt;/strong&gt;. To &lt;a title=&quot;Guardian piece on mate choice&quot; href=&quot;http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/punctuated-equilibrium/2011/feb/09/2&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;find out more about what governs our choice of mate, read this&lt;/a&gt; by GrrrlScientist in &lt;em&gt;The Guardian&lt;/em&gt;. ', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip4_1886', title: 'handsome prince', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">handsome prince</a> whose attention she catches<br />
Now, picture them livin’ happily ever after<br />
And havin’ kids faster than Angie and Brad Pitt<br />
All because they have this gift with craftsmanship<br />
Now take it from the master of the adjectives<br />
I think it’s <a id="tippy_tip5_7285"   class=" tippy_link" title="adaptive"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: 'Biologists refer to certain behaviors and structures as &ldquo;adaptive&rdquo; if they are believed to be the product of natural or sexual selection, contributing to the ability of an organism to survive and reproduce. Human craftsmanship and artistic ability certainly seem to fit.', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip5_7285', title: 'adaptive', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">adaptive</a>; it has to be <a id="tippy_tip6_1982"   class=" tippy_link" title="instinct"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: ' A behaviour which is made up of a stereotyped pattern and is typically not changed by experience. The distinction between &amp;#8216;instinct&amp;#8217; and &amp;#8216;learnt behaviour&amp;#8217; has been blurred by research which shows that even learnt behaviour has some heritable component.', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip6_1982', title: 'instinct', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">instinct</a><br />
In synch with the rhythm, just listen and sink<br />
Deep into the <a id="tippy_tip7_5474"   class=" tippy_link" title="subconscious"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: ' The desire to make art and music is often felt as a pure impulse, completely separate from the reception of the work. Even if the artist&rsquo;s personal motive isn&rsquo;t consciously directed towards attracting mates, evolution could still be at work if the consequences were consistently good for reproduction.', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip7_5474', title: 'subconscious', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">subconscious</a> of the obnoxious<br />
<a id="tippy_tip8_806"   class=" tippy_link" title="Sexual selection"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: ' To learn all about sexual selection, see the &lt;a title=&quot;Sexual Selection&quot; href=&quot;http://rapguidetoevolution.co.uk/sexual-selection&quot;&gt;&amp;#8220;Sexual Selection&amp;#8221; video and lyrics&lt;/a&gt;. ', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip8_806', title: 'Sexual selection', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">Sexual selection</a> , I’m just tickin’ the boxes</p>
<div id="attachment_1438" class="wp-caption alignright" style="width: 465px"><img class="size-full wp-image-1438  " title="hypnotize wordle" src="http://rapguidetoevolution.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/Picture-10.png" alt="hypnotize wordle" width="455" height="297" /><p class="wp-caption-text">Can words hypnotize? How important do you think language is relative to physical looks in securing mates?</p></div>
<p>And <a id="tippy_tip9_9174"   class=" tippy_link" title="if you’re feelin’ it"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: 'The hip-hop expression &ldquo;I&rsquo;m feelin&rsquo; it&rdquo; refers to a person&rsquo;s positive emotional response to music, art, or performance. This is evolution in action.', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip9_9174', title: 'if you’re feelin’ it', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">if you’re feelin’ it</a> then mission accomplished</p>
<p>Baba, Baba, Baba, can’t you see<br />
Sometimes your words just hypnotize me<br />
And I just love your turns of phrase<br />
So even though you’re still broke I love you anyway</p>
<p>Yeah, I could fill you with real <a id="tippy_tip10_1486"   class=" tippy_link" title="scientific"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: ' The word &amp;#8216;science&amp;#8217; comes from the Latin &lt;em&gt;scientia&lt;/em&gt;, meaning &amp;#8216;knowledge&amp;#8217; ', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip10_1486', title: 'scientific', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">scientific</a><br />
Lyrics, but I confess that my mind is twisted<br />
‘Cause I’ve been listenin’ to <a id="tippy_tip11_7614"   class=" tippy_link" title="Kanye, Nas and Jay"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: ' Referring to the musicians &lt;a title=&quot;Kanye West about&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanye_West&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Kanye West&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a title=&quot;Nas&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nas&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Nasir Bin Olu Dara Jones&lt;/a&gt; better known as &amp;#8216;Nas&amp;#8217;, and better Shawn Corey Carter known as &amp;#8216;&lt;a title=&quot;Jay-Z&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jay-z&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Jay-Z&lt;/a&gt;&amp;#8216;', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip11_7614', title: 'Kanye, Nas and Jay', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">Kanye, Nas and Jay</a><br />
While reading <a id="tippy_tip12_752"   class=" tippy_link" title="Richard Dawkins"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: ' &lt;a title=&quot;Richard Dawkins webpage&quot; href=&quot;http://richarddawkins.net/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;British ethologist and evolutionary biologist&lt;/a&gt;, perhaps best known for his book, &amp;#8220;The selfish gene&amp;#8221; and the &amp;#8220;God Delusion&amp;#8221; ', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip12_752', title: 'Richard Dawkins', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">Richard Dawkins</a> on the opposite page<br />
So now this whole rap thing seems awfully strange<br />
Talkin’ ‘bout, “He got game, and he’s not real<br />
And he’s got chains” but wait, that’s a <a id="tippy_tip13_5767"   class=" tippy_link" title="peacock’s tail"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: 'The peacock&rsquo;s tail is the classic example of an &ldquo;adaptive&rdquo; structure that was shaped by sexual selection. The females prefer large tails with more spots, driving each generation of males to have bigger and showier tails, and each generation of females to like them even more.', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip13_5767', title: 'peacock’s tail', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">peacock’s tail</a>!<br />
‘Cause you never hear them say they got it <a id="tippy_tip14_988"   class=" tippy_link" title="cheap on sale"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: 'If bling were not intended as a symbol of financial status, you would hear rappers bragging about how little it costs instead of how much.', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip14_988', title: 'cheap on sale', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">cheap on sale</a><br />
Which means that bling is meant to represent<br />
How much they really spent, and at the end of the day</p>
<div id="attachment_1447" class="wp-caption alignright" style="width: 468px"><img class="size-large wp-image-1447     " title="bower bird for me" src="http://rapguidetoevolution.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/bower-bird-for-me-1024x670.jpg" alt="bower bird for me" width="458" height="300" /><p class="wp-caption-text">Male bower bird (right) blinging up his nest to attract the female (left). ©KrysiaB</p></div>
<p>That’s the definition of a “<a id="tippy_tip15_5900"   class=" tippy_link" title="fitness display"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: 'A &ldquo;fitness display&rdquo; is a symbolic representation of an organism&rsquo;s genetic quality &amp;#40;usually the male&amp;#41;, it can be a physical symbol like the peacock&amp;#8217;s tail, or a performance such as a bird song or mating dance.', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip15_5900', title: 'fitness display', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">fitness display</a>”<br />
Like a <a id="tippy_tip16_4188"   class=" tippy_link" title="bowerbird’s nest"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: 'Bowerbird males build large, intricate sculptures and decorate them with colorful flowers and ornaments. These structures are &amp;#8220;fitness displays&amp;#8221; that are inspected by the females, who then choose to mate with the best artist.', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip16_4188', title: 'bowerbird’s nest', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">bowerbird’s nest</a>, which takes hours of work<br />
And makes the females catch a powerful urge<br />
Just like a style of verse or an amazing flow<br />
But it takes dedication and it takes a toll<br />
‘Cause the best displays are <a id="tippy_tip17_3762"   class=" tippy_link" title="unfakeable"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: 'For the message in a fitness display to be trusted as a true marker of genetic quality, the symbol must be costly and difficult to fake. Rap skills in particular are very difficult to fake, and if you disagree, try making a platinum record.', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip17_3762', title: 'unfakeable', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">unfakeable</a></p>
<p>Baba, Baba, Baba, can’t you see<br />
Sometimes your words just hypnotize me<br />
And I just love your turns of phrase<br />
So even though you’re still broke, I love you anyway</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>I’m A African</title>
		<link>http://rapguidetoevolution.co.uk/i%e2%80%99m-a-african</link>
		<comments>http://rapguidetoevolution.co.uk/i%e2%80%99m-a-african#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 12 Feb 2012 23:03:55 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>rapguide</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Video]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Adaptive Radiation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Australopithecus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Common Ancestors]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[DNA]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Fossil Record]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[God of the Gaps]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Homo Erectus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Kinship]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Migration]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mitochondria]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mutation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Out of Africa]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Unity of Common Descent]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://rapguidetoevolution.co.uk/?p=802</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[I’m a African, And I know what’s happenin’ I’m a African, I’m a African know what’s happenin’ You a African? You a African? Do you know what’s happenin’? I’m a African, I’m a African No I wasn’t born in Ghana &#8230; <a href="http://rapguidetoevolution.co.uk/i%e2%80%99m-a-african">Continue reading <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a>]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="attachment_1352" class="wp-caption alignright" style="width: 310px"><a href="http://rapguidetoevolution.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/mp_download.2-1.jpg"><img class="size-medium wp-image-1352 " title="mp_download.2 (1)" src="http://rapguidetoevolution.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/mp_download.2-1-300x241.jpg" alt="African origins (copyright National Geographic)" width="300" height="241" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">1. African Cradle, 2. Out of Africa, 3. The First Australians, 4. Early Europeans, 5. Populating Asia, 6. Into the New World</p></div>
<p>I’m a African, <a id="tippy_tip18_676"   class=" tippy_link" title="I’m a African"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: ' All living humans share a common ancestor who lived in Eastern Africa approximately 200,000 years ago.', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip18_676', title: 'I’m a African', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">I’m a African</a><br />
And I know what’s happenin’<br />
I’m a African, I’m a African<br />
<a id="tippy_tip19_9516"   class=" tippy_link" title="Archaeologists"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: '&nbsp;Archaeology and genetics are the main sources of evidence for our early human origins.&nbsp;What&amp;#8217;s the difference between archaeologists, palaeoanthropologists and anthropologists? &lt;a title=&quot;Differences explained&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Introduction_to_Paleoanthropology/Definition&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Find out more here!&lt;/a&gt;&nbsp;', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip19_9516', title: 'Archaeologists', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">Archaeologists</a> know what’s happenin’</p>
<p>You a African? You a African?<br />
Do you know what’s happenin’?<br />
I’m a African, I’m a African<br />
<a id="tippy_tip20_6844"   class=" tippy_link" title="Geneticists know what’s happenin’"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: ' The video below explains more about how the genetic evidence for our recent common ancestry. If you prefer to read about this, look at &lt;a title=&quot;Human Genome Project link&quot; href=&quot;http://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/elsi/humanmigration.shtml&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;this article by the Human Genome Project&lt;/a&gt;, ', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip20_6844', title: 'Geneticists know what’s happenin’', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">Geneticists know what’s happenin’</a></p>
<p><iframe src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/OV6A8oGtPc4" frameborder="0" width="560" height="315"></iframe></p>
<p>No I wasn’t born in Ghana but <a id="tippy_tip21_9360"   class=" tippy_link" title="Africa is my mama"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: ' Africa is often referred to as the &ldquo;Motherland&rdquo; in Afrocentric music. This is equally true for all living humans. ', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip21_9360', title: 'Africa is my mama', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">Africa is my mama</a></p>
<div id="attachment_1366" class="wp-caption alignright" style="width: 415px"><a href="http://rapguidetoevolution.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/Picture-8.png"><img class="size-full wp-image-1366           " title="Picture 8" src="http://rapguidetoevolution.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/Picture-8.png" alt="" width="405" height="247" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Human family tree. © Copyright Smithsonian Institution. http://humanorigins.si.edu/</p></div>
<p>‘Cause that’s where my mama got her <a id="tippy_tip22_2536"   class=" tippy_link" title="mitochondria"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: ' Mitochondria are the cells power houses. So called &amp;#8216;&lt;a title=&quot;mtDNA Eve&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitochondrial_Eve&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Mitochondrial Eve&lt;/a&gt;&amp;#8216; was the woman from who all of today&amp;#8217;s living humans most recently&nbsp;descended.&nbsp; &lt;a title=&quot;mtDNA video&quot; href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kS5qREISS-Q&amp;amp;feature=related&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;This video&lt;/a&gt;&nbsp;explains more. ', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip22_2536', title: 'mitochondria', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">mitochondria</a></p>
<p>You can try to fight if you wanna, but it’s not gonna change me<br />
‘Cause it’s plain to see, Africans are my people<br />
And if it’s not plain to see then your <a id="tippy_tip23_1296"   class=" tippy_link" title="eyes deceive you"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: '&nbsp;Human ethnic groups have all diverged in only the last 50,000 years or less, so the differences between our skin colour, hair texture, and facial structure is literally &ldquo;superficial&rdquo;', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip23_1296', title: 'eyes deceive you', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">eyes deceive you</a><br />
I’m talkin’ primeval; the DNA in my veins<br />
<a id="tippy_tip24_2522"   class=" tippy_link" title="Tells a story"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: ' Genetics as a historical science that &ldquo;tells a story&rdquo;. But how do scientists &amp;#8216;read&amp;#8217; this story? DNA cannot only tell us about a &lt;a title=&quot;What DNA can tell us&quot; href=&quot;http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2008/apr/27/genetics.cancer&quot;&gt;person&amp;#8217;s sex or hair colour&lt;/a&gt;, but also be used to look at the similarities of living and &lt;a title=&quot;About ancient DNA&quot; href=&quot;http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/2011/08/the-hunt-for-ancient-dna/&quot;&gt;extinct species&lt;/a&gt;. For an overview of tracing our ancestry with various types of DNA, &lt;a title=&quot;Tracing DNA ancestry&quot; href=&quot;http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/neanderthals/mtdna.html&quot;&gt;have a look at this NOVA article&lt;/a&gt;. There are lots of techniques available to &amp;#8216;read&amp;#8217; DNA, &lt;a title=&quot;&amp;#8217;Reading DNA&amp;#8217;&quot; href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/About/primer/genetics_molecular.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;a great summary can be found here&lt;/a&gt;. ', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip24_2522', title: 'Tells a story', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">Tells a story</a> that reasonable people find believable<br />
But it might even blow your transistors;<br />
Africa is the home of our <a id="tippy_tip25_2160"   class=" tippy_link" title="most recent common ancestors"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: ' The most &lt;a title=&quot;MRCA&quot; href=&quot;http://io9.com/most-recent-common-ancestor/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;recent common ancestor &amp;#40;or MCRA&amp;#41;&lt;/a&gt;&nbsp;of all living humans is the person through who, through any and all genetic lines, can be connected to everyone alive today.', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip25_2160', title: 'most recent common ancestors', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">most recent common ancestors</a><br />
Which means human beings are all brothers and sisters<br />
So check the <a id="tippy_tip26_6938"   class=" tippy_link" title="massive evidence"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: ' Dozens of early human fossils have been found, &lt;a title=&quot;Human fossil record&quot; href=&quot;http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/homs/specimen.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;a nice inventory can be found here&lt;/a&gt;. The talk by Louise Leakey below will tell you more about how fossils are found and how we interpret them ', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip26_6938', title: 'massive evidence', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">massive evidence</a> of <a id="tippy_tip27_8285"   class=" tippy_link" title="Homo erectus"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: ' Meaning &amp;#8216;upright man&amp;#8217;, &lt;em&gt;&lt;a title=&quot;Video about H. erectus&quot; href=&quot;http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/life/Homo_erectus#p00bkx89&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;H. erectus&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&nbsp;originated in Africa about 2 million years ago and lived successfully until about 800,000 years ago. They were the most far reaching hominid in their time and the first to move out of Africa. They were characterised by larger brains and significant use of stone tools, including hand axes and cleavers. They were the first species to walk fully upright, they also used fire and hunted big game. There is also evidence for some form of speech.', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip27_8285', title: 'Homo erectus', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">Homo erectus</a><br />
And <a id="tippy_tip28_3199"   class=" tippy_link" title="Australopithecus afarensis"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: ' This species lived about 4 to 3 million years ago in Africa. Considered a close relative and possibly a direct ancestor of modern humans, this hominid had a slight build, a relatively small brain and a social life that was probably similar to that seen in modern apes. The most famous afarensis skeleton is known as &amp;#8216;&lt;a title=&quot;Lucy&quot; href=&quot;http://www.bbc.co.uk/sn/prehistoric_life/human/human_evolution/mother_of_man1.shtml&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Lucy&lt;/a&gt;&amp;#8216; ', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip28_3199', title: 'Australopithecus afarensis', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">Australopithecus afarensis</a> in the fossil record</p>
<p>And then try to tell me that we’re not <a id="tippy_tip29_8753"   class=" tippy_link" title="all connected"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: 'All human beings are connected by descent in a &ldquo;family tree&rdquo; that has its roots in Africa.', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip29_8753', title: 'all connected', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">all connected</a><br />
The fossil record has gaps but <a id="tippy_tip30_8324"   class=" tippy_link" title="no contradictions"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: ' Spaces between known fossils constitute &ldquo;gaps&rdquo; in the record, but the fossils show continuous lines of evolution ', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip30_8324', title: 'no contradictions', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">no contradictions</a></p>
<p>And it complements the evidence in your <a id="tippy_tip31_7191"   class=" tippy_link" title="chromosomes"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: '&nbsp;In the nucleus of each cell, the DNA molecule is packaged into thread-like structures called chromosomes. Each chromosome is made up of&lt;a title=&quot;How DNA is packaged&quot; href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gbSIBhFwQ4s&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt; DNA tightly coiled&lt;/a&gt; many times around proteins called histones that support its structure ', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip31_7191', title: 'chromosomes', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">chromosomes</a><br />
So I came to let you know about your ancestral home</p>
<p><object width="526" height="374" classid="clsid:d27cdb6e-ae6d-11cf-96b8-444553540000" codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,40,0"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true" /><param name="allowScriptAccess" value="always" /><param name="wmode" value="transparent" /><param name="bgColor" value="#ffffff" /><param name="flashvars" value="vu=http://video.ted.com/talk/stream/2008/Blank/LouiseLeakey_2008-320k.mp4&amp;su=http://images.ted.com/images/ted/tedindex/embed-posters/LouiseLeakey-2008.embed_thumbnail.jpg&amp;vw=512&amp;vh=288&amp;ap=0&amp;ti=315&amp;lang=&amp;introDuration=15330&amp;adDuration=4000&amp;postAdDuration=830&amp;adKeys=talk=louise_leakey_digs_for_humanity_s_origins;year=2008;theme=inspired_by_nature;theme=bold_predictions_stern_warnings;theme=evolution_s_genius;event=TED2008;tag=Africa;tag=anthropology;tag=apes;tag=evolution;tag=human+origins;tag=humanity;tag=paleontology;tag=science;&amp;preAdTag=tconf.ted/embed;tile=1;sz=512x288;" /><param name="src" value="http://video.ted.com/assets/player/swf/EmbedPlayer.swf" /><param name="pluginspace" value="http://www.macromedia.com/go/getflashplayer" /><param name="allowfullscreen" value="true" /><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always" /><embed width="526" height="374" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" src="http://video.ted.com/assets/player/swf/EmbedPlayer.swf" allowFullScreen="true" allowScriptAccess="always" wmode="transparent" bgColor="#ffffff" flashvars="vu=http://video.ted.com/talk/stream/2008/Blank/LouiseLeakey_2008-320k.mp4&amp;su=http://images.ted.com/images/ted/tedindex/embed-posters/LouiseLeakey-2008.embed_thumbnail.jpg&amp;vw=512&amp;vh=288&amp;ap=0&amp;ti=315&amp;lang=&amp;introDuration=15330&amp;adDuration=4000&amp;postAdDuration=830&amp;adKeys=talk=louise_leakey_digs_for_humanity_s_origins;year=2008;theme=inspired_by_nature;theme=bold_predictions_stern_warnings;theme=evolution_s_genius;event=TED2008;tag=Africa;tag=anthropology;tag=apes;tag=evolution;tag=human+origins;tag=humanity;tag=paleontology;tag=science;&amp;preAdTag=tconf.ted/embed;tile=1;sz=512x288;" pluginspace="http://www.macromedia.com/go/getflashplayer" allowfullscreen="true" allowscriptaccess="always" /></object></p>
<div id="attachment_1357" class="wp-caption alignright" style="width: 157px"><img class="size-medium wp-image-1357" title="A.afarensis" src="http://rapguidetoevolution.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/A.afarensis1-147x300.jpg" alt="" width="147" height="300" /><p class="wp-caption-text">How Australopithecus afarensis might have looked</p></div>
<p>I’m a African, I’m a African<br />
And I know what’s happenin’<br />
I’m a African, I’m a African<br />
Archaeologists know what’s happenin’<br />
You a African? You a African?<br />
Do you know what’s happenin’?<br />
I’m a African, I’m a African<br />
Geneticists know what’s happenin’</p>
<p>Yeah, it’s plain to see, you can’t change me<br />
‘Cause I’ma be a <a id="tippy_tip32_7878"   class=" tippy_link" title="Homo sapien"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: ' The only living species in the Homo genus, modern humans originated approximately 250,000 &amp;#8211; 200,000 years ago in Africa. As of Nov 2011 there are estimated to be about 7 billion of us on Earth. Unlike previous species of Homo we are the only ones to be widespread on every continent &amp;#40;except Antarctica&amp;#41;.', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip32_7878', title: 'Homo sapien', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">Homo sapien</a> for life<br />
Yeah, it’s plain to see, you can’t change me<br />
‘Cause I’ma be a Homo sapien for life</p>
<div id="attachment_1355" class="wp-caption alignright" style="width: 310px"><a href="http://rapguidetoevolution.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/Homo_erectus.jpg"><img class="size-medium wp-image-1355" title="Homo_erectus" src="http://rapguidetoevolution.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/Homo_erectus-300x277.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="277" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Homo erectus skull (by Thomas Roche / Wikimedia Commons)</p></div>
<p>Yeah, the red is for the <a id="tippy_tip33_2560"   class=" tippy_link" title="blood"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: '&lt;a title=&quot;Role of blood animation&quot; href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xDPpTVR3Q34&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Blood&lt;/a&gt; is red because of the oxidation of haemoglobin, an iron containing oxygen transport molecule ', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip33_2560', title: 'blood', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">blood</a> in my arm – it runs in the veins<br />
Of all my <a id="tippy_tip34_3398"   class=" tippy_link" title="cousins"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: ' Because all humans share a recent common ancestor, we are all distant cousins with one another ', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip34_3398', title: 'cousins', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">cousins</a> from the same African mom<br />
And the <a id="tippy_tip35_9664"   class=" tippy_link" title="black is for the melanin,"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: ' Melanin is a pigment found in most animals. In humans it helps determine our skin colour and it is produced by &amp;#8216;melanocytes&amp;#8217; in the skin. To find out why people have different skin colours, watch &lt;a title=&quot;Skin colour&quot; href=&quot;http://www.ted.com/talks/lang/en/nina_jablonski_breaks_the_illusion_of_skin_color.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;this excellent video by researcher Nina Jablonski&lt;/a&gt;. ', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip35_9664', title: 'black is for the melanin,', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">black is for the melanin,</a> which I guess I lost<br />
A <a id="tippy_tip36_9746"   class=" tippy_link" title="mutation with benefits"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: ' All humans had dark skin until approximately 30,000 years ago. The mutations that lead to white or &ldquo;caucasian&rdquo; people probably occurred in Northern Europe and spread because of the additional Vitamin D absorbed from weaker sunlight by paler skin. ', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip36_9746', title: 'mutation with benefits', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">mutation with benefits</a> that offset the costs<br />
At least in the North, after <a id="tippy_tip37_5281"   class=" tippy_link" title="massive glaciation"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: ' There have been several glacial periods on earth. The most recent one ended about &lt;a title=&quot;last glacial period&quot; href=&quot;http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/ancient_earth/Last_glacial_period&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;15,000 years ago&lt;/a&gt; ', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip37_5281', title: 'massive glaciation', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">massive glaciation</a><br />
My family passed through some <a id="tippy_tip38_5139"   class=" tippy_link" title="adaptive radiations"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: ' An &lt;a title=&quot;More information on adaptive radiations&quot; href=&quot;http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/library/01/6/l_016_02.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;adaptive radiation&lt;/a&gt; is the evolutionary diversification from a single ancestral population of descendant populations into more and more numerous types, each adapted to their local environment. An example of such an event occurred in the Cretaceous period, when early mammals evolved into carnivores, primates and ungulates. ', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip38_5139', title: 'adaptive radiations', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">adaptive radiations</a><br />
We started as Africans, and then became Eurasians<br />
And then one final migration made us Canadians<br />
But it’s back to my origin, ‘cause I understand<br />
For every colour of man, Africa is the motherland<br />
So I’m comin’ back, that’s my <a id="tippy_tip39_552"   class=" tippy_link" title="right of return"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: 'Unlike the state of Israel, Africa has not yet adopted a &ldquo;right of return&rdquo; policy for people who can prove African heritage &amp;#40;i.e. everyone&amp;#41;. ', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip39_552', title: 'right of return', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">right of return</a><br />
I’m only speakin’ the facts, which I invite you to learn<br />
We came from Africa first; <a id="tippy_tip40_4456"   class=" tippy_link" title="Charles Darwin predicted it"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: '&nbsp;Charles Darwin made this prediction several decades before the first hominid fossils were found in Africa: &ldquo;It is therefore probable that Africa was formerly inhabited by extinct apes closely allied to the gorilla and chimpanzee; and as these two species are now man&rsquo;s nearest allies, it is somewhat more probable that our early progenitors lived on the African continent than elsewhere.&rdquo; Charles Darwin, &lt;em&gt;The&nbsp;Descent of Man&lt;/em&gt; ', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip40_4456', title: 'Charles Darwin predicted it', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">Charles Darwin predicted it</a><br />
‘Cause that’s where modern chimps and gorillas live<br />
So the green is for the envy in the eyes of intelligent design<br />
Advocates and scientific illiterates</p>
<p>I’m a African, I’m a African<br />
And I know what’s happenin’<br />
I’m a African, I’m a African<br />
Archaeologists know what’s happenin’<br />
You a African? You a African?<br />
Do you know what’s happenin’?<br />
I’m a African, I’m a African<br />
Geneticists know what’s happenin’</p>
<p>Yeah, C-A-N-A-D-A<br />
Asia, U-K, U-S-A<br />
R-U-S-S-I-A<br />
No, it ain’t ‘bout where you stay<br />
It’s ‘bout the motherland</p>
<p>C-H-I-N-A<br />
A-U-S-T-R-I-A<br />
Oz, Tazmania, and Ukraine<br />
No, it ain’t ‘bout where you stay<br />
It’s ‘bout the motherland</p>
<p>M-O-N-G-O-L-I-A<br />
Saudi Arabia and Kuwait<br />
Sweden, Denmark, and Norway<br />
No, it ain’t ‘bout where you stay<br />
It’s ‘bout the motherland</p>
<p>C-O-L-O-M-B-I-A<br />
Costa Rica, I-N-D-I-A<br />
First nations in A-L-A-S-K-A<br />
No, it ain’t ‘bout where you stay<br />
It’s ‘bout the motherland</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Worst Comes to Worst</title>
		<link>http://rapguidetoevolution.co.uk/worst-comes-to-worst</link>
		<comments>http://rapguidetoevolution.co.uk/worst-comes-to-worst#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 27 Oct 2011 23:01:24 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>rapguide</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Video]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Altruism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Altruistic Punishment]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Biogeography]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cooperation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Descent of Man]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Galapagos]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Kinship]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Multi-level Selection]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Reciprocal Altruism]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://rapguidetoevolution.co.uk/?p=807</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[“As man advances in civilization, and small tribes are united into larger communities, the simplest reason would tell each individual that he ought to extend his social instincts and sympathies to all the members of the same nation, though personally &#8230; <a href="http://rapguidetoevolution.co.uk/worst-comes-to-worst">Continue reading <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a>]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-align: left;">“As man advances in civilization, and small tribes are united into larger communities, the simplest reason would tell each individual that he ought to extend his social instincts and sympathies to all the members of the same nation, though personally unknown to him. This point being once reached, there is only an artificial barrier to prevent his sympathies extending to the men of all nations and races.”<br />
Charles Darwin, Descent of Man</p>
<div id="attachment_1294" class="wp-caption alignright" style="width: 310px"><img class="size-medium wp-image-1294" title="CN0293_" src="http://rapguidetoevolution.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/CN0293_-300x232.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="232" /><p class="wp-caption-text">A Galapagos giant tortoise</p></div>
<p>Worst comes to worst, my people come first<br />
But my tribe lives on every country on earth<br />
I’ll do anything to protect them from hurt<br />
The human race is what I serve</p>
<p>But who are my people? Canadians? <a id="tippy_tip41_6526"   class=" tippy_link" title="Family members?"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: ' The theory of &ldquo;kin selection&rdquo; predicts organisms will preferentially help their genetic relatives, who would also be likely to share any such helping genes. For an overview see &lt;a title=&quot;Kin selection&quot; href=&quot;http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/ridley/a-z/Kin_selection.asp&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Mark Ridley&amp;#8217;s explanation&lt;/a&gt; ', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip41_6526', title: 'Family members?', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">Family members?</a></p>
<p>Who knows? Maybe everybody!</p>
<p style="text-align: left;">Some people got good friend; I’ve got disparate friends<br />
They live on different ends of earth, but just pretend<br />
We actually get to the end of the time of <a id="tippy_tip42_8067"   class=" tippy_link" title="tribalism"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: ' &ldquo;Tribalism&rdquo; is common in humans, manifesting as the preferential treatment of members of one&rsquo;s in-group at the expense of out-group members. For an interesting take on how tribalism might apply to music check out this &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/2011/jul/24/music-tribalism-dead-mercury-prize&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Guardian article&lt;/a&gt; ', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip42_8067', title: 'tribalism', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">tribalism</a><br />
<a id="tippy_tip43_5108"   class=" tippy_link" title="Like Obama said,"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: '&nbsp;What Obama actually said, in his &lt;a title=&quot;BBC Obama&amp;#8217;s inaugural address&quot; href=&quot;http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/obama_inauguration/7840646.stm&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;inaugural address&lt;/a&gt;, was: &amp;#8220;We cannot help but believe that the old hatreds shall someday pass, that the lines of tribe shall soon dissolve.&amp;#8221; ', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip43_5108', title: 'Like Obama said,', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">Like Obama said,</a> and dissolve the lines of difference<br />
<a id="tippy_tip44_2293"   class=" tippy_link" title="As man advances in civilization"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: ' This section of the verse is a rap remix of the&nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cosmosmagazine.com/news/2540/famous-darwin-quotes-are-wrong-says-scholar&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;quotation&lt;/a&gt; from Darwin found at the top of this page:&nbsp;&ldquo;As man advances in civilization&amp;#8230;&rdquo; from Charles Darwin, &lt;a href=&quot;http://darwin-online.org.uk/EditorialIntroductions/Freeman_TheDescentofMan.html&quot;&gt;Descent of Man&lt;/a&gt;. ', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip44_2293', title: 'As man advances in civilization', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">As man advances in civilization</a></p>
<p><object width="300" height="182" classid="clsid:d27cdb6e-ae6d-11cf-96b8-444553540000" codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,40,0"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true" /><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always" /><param name="src" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/cE6OeRZB_Wc?version=3&amp;hl=en_GB" /><param name="allowfullscreen" value="true" /><embed width="300" height="182" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" src="http://www.youtube.com/v/cE6OeRZB_Wc?version=3&amp;hl=en_GB" allowFullScreen="true" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" /></object></p>
<p style="text-align: left;">And <a id="tippy_tip45_8955"   class=" tippy_link" title="small tribes expand into larger bases"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: 'Until about 15,000 years ago, all humans lived in small tribes of approximately 150 each, but the advent of trade and agriculture led to increasing urbanization and nationalization of tribal loyalties. Did you know: at the time of the Roman conquest of Britain in the First Century AD there were more than &lt;a title=&quot;British Tribes&quot; href=&quot;http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/british_prehistory/iron_01.shtml&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;25 major tribes&lt;/a&gt;!', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip45_8955', title: 'small tribes expand into larger bases', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">small tribes expand into larger bases</a></p>
<div id="attachment_1291" class="wp-caption alignright" style="width: 330px"><a href="http://rapguidetoevolution.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/320px-The_Abolition_of_the_Slave_Trade_The_Anti-Slavery_Society_Convention_1840_by_Benjamin_Robert_Haydon.jpg"><img class="size-full wp-image-1291" title="320px-The_Abolition_of_the_Slave_Trade'_(The_Anti-Slavery_Society_Convention,_1840)_by_Benjamin_Robert_Haydon" src="http://rapguidetoevolution.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/320px-The_Abolition_of_the_Slave_Trade_The_Anti-Slavery_Society_Convention_1840_by_Benjamin_Robert_Haydon.jpg" alt="" width="320" height="234" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">The Abolition of the Slave Trade, (The Anti-Slavery Society Convention, 1840), by Benjamin Robert Haydon (died 1846).</p></div>
<p style="text-align: left;">And communities, the <a id="tippy_tip46_1009"   class=" tippy_link" title="truest reason tells each individual"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: 'Darwin was one of many philosophers to argue for &ldquo;Reason&rdquo; as a way to extend natural or sympathetic morality into a pan-humanist context. Others include &lt;a title=&quot;More about Adam Smith&quot; href=&quot;http://www.oxonianreview.org/wp/adam-smith-a-moral-philosopher/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Adam Smith&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a title=&quot;More about David Hume&quot; href=&quot;http://www.davidhume.org/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;David Hume&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a title=&quot;More about Peter Singer&quot; href=&quot;http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2009/feb/15/peter-singer-profile&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Peter Singer&lt;/a&gt;. These &lt;a title=&quot;More about moral philosophy&quot; href=&quot;http://moralphilosophy.info/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&amp;#8216;moral philosophers&amp;#8217;&lt;/a&gt; concern&amp;#40;ed&amp;#41; themselves with how we ought to live our lives i.e. ethics. ', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip46_1009', title: 'truest reason tells each individual', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">truest reason tells each individual</a><br />
That’s it’s not that difficult to extend our instinctual<br />
Sympathies to <a id="tippy_tip47_6381"   class=" tippy_link" title="all the members of one nation"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: '&nbsp;Patriotism is a natural extension of tribal loyalties to one&rsquo;s entire country. ', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip47_6381', title: 'all the members of one nation', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">all the members of one nation</a><br />
Like, for instance, notice how <a id="tippy_tip48_2718"   class=" tippy_link" title="everybody loves Canadians"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: 'This may be why American T-Shirt companies sell &ldquo;Go Canadian&rdquo; packages to help &lt;a title=&quot;American abroad? Travel as Canadian&quot; href=&quot;http://on.msnbc.com/nRBv8O&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Americans pose as friendly Canucks&lt;/a&gt;. ', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip48_2718', title: 'everybody loves Canadians', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">everybody loves Canadians</a><br />
Overseas, even if they’re personally unknown<br />
Well so do I! But not so much when I come home<br />
But I know there’s nothing to stop me extending this basic</p>
<p>Sympathy to the people of <a id="tippy_tip49_1585"   class=" tippy_link" title="all nations and all races"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: ' Darwin was a humanitarian, someone generally with a concern for or helping to improve the well-being and happiness of other people. It is related to the &amp;#8216;humanitarian movement&amp;#8217; which grew strong in the 18th Century and was closely allied to the the abolitionist movement &amp;#40;of which Darwin was part&amp;#41; which successfully sought to end slavery.', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip49_1585', title: 'all nations and all races', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">all nations and all races</a><br />
By the way, those are Charles Darwin’s statements<br />
Paraphrased, a man ahead of his time<br />
Extending his imagination and formidable mind<br />
Into a future where all human sympathies combine</p>
<p>Worst comes to worst, my people come first<br />
But my tribe lives on every country on earth<br />
I’ll do anything to protect them from hurt<br />
The human race is what I serve</p>
<p>In the South Pacific Islands, there’s certain animals that don’t<br />
Experience fear, like <a id="tippy_tip50_5898"   class=" tippy_link" title="Galapagos iguanas"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: '&nbsp;&lt;img class=&quot;alignnone&quot; title=&quot;Marine iguana&quot; src=&quot;http://rapguidetoevolution.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/320px-Marine-Iguana-Espanola.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; height=&quot;213&quot; /&gt;The Galapagos islands are an archipelago off the coast of Ecuador, formed by volcanic eruption &amp;#40;the oldest island is about 4-5 million years old&amp;#41; and home to many unique species. Darwin visited these islands while &lt;a title=&quot;Beagle voyage&quot; href=&quot;http://www.nhm.ac.uk/nature-online/science-of-natural-history/expeditions-collecting/beagle-voyage/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;traveling on the HMS Beagle&lt;/a&gt;.&nbsp;', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip50_5898', title: 'Galapagos iguanas', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">Galapagos iguanas</a></p>
<div id="attachment_1295" class="wp-caption alignright" style="width: 310px"><img class="size-medium wp-image-1295" title="sealionSCN1468" src="http://rapguidetoevolution.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/sealionSCN1468-300x227.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="227" /><p class="wp-caption-text">A newborn sea lion in the Galapagos Islands</p></div>
<p>They never had predators, so their <a id="tippy_tip51_9462"   class=" tippy_link" title="adaptive responses"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: ' The emotion known as fear is an adaptive response designed by evolution to protect an organism from predators. Because it is costly in time and resources and harmful to the immune system, the fear response has been lost in many species on remote islands with no natural predators. ', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip51_9462', title: 'adaptive responses', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">adaptive responses</a><br />
Evolved to be <a id="tippy_tip52_945"   class=" tippy_link" title="as calm as a pack of Dalai Llamas"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: ' Many visitors to the Galapagos in Darwin&rsquo;s time and today are struck by the peaceful, unflappable demeanor of the animals there. ', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip52_945', title: 'as calm as a pack of Dalai Llamas', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">as calm as a pack of Dalai Llamas</a><br />
So then, why do we have to live with violence<br />
When this whole planet could be like a pacifistic island?<br />
Do we need fear <a id="tippy_tip53_8335"   class=" tippy_link" title="to escape invading aliens?"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: ' &lt;img class=&quot;alignleft&quot; title=&quot;Dodo&quot; src=&quot;http://rapguidetoevolution.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/233px-Dodo_1.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;233&quot; height=&quot;240&quot; /&gt;One of the reasons the Dodo bird succumbed to extinction was because of its lack of fear response, which allowed sailors and dogs to hunt them easily for food and sport. ', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip53_8335', title: 'to escape invading aliens?', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">to escape invading aliens?</a></p>
<p>The only predators here are called <a id="tippy_tip54_759"   class=" tippy_link" title="Homeo sapiens"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: 'There&rsquo;s no such thing as a &ldquo;Homeo sapian&rdquo; but it makes a rhyming pun with &ldquo;Homeostasis,&rdquo; a stable, calm state of existence. ', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip54_759', title: 'Homeo sapiens', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">Homeo sapiens</a><br />
And yeah, <a id="tippy_tip55_3368"   class=" tippy_link" title="we can be dangerous"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: 'Humans are more prone to kill other humans than any other species in nature. To find out more about the history of violence, this video with Steven Pinker offers a good starting point.&lt;object width=&quot;420&quot; height=&quot;315&quot; classid=&quot;clsid:d27cdb6e-ae6d-11cf-96b8-444553540000&quot; codebase=&quot;http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,40,0&quot;&gt;&lt;param name=&quot;allowFullScreen&quot; value=&quot;true&quot; /&gt;&lt;param name=&quot;allowscriptaccess&quot; value=&quot;always&quot; /&gt;&lt;param name=&quot;src&quot; value=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/v/fea8B6eGywY?version=3&amp;amp;hl=en_GB&quot; /&gt;&lt;param name=&quot;allowfullscreen&quot; value=&quot;true&quot; /&gt;&lt;embed width=&quot;420&quot; height=&quot;315&quot; type=&quot;application/x-shockwave-flash&quot; src=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/v/fea8B6eGywY?version=3&amp;amp;hl=en_GB&quot; allowFullScreen=&quot;true&quot; allowscriptaccess=&quot;always&quot; allowfullscreen=&quot;true&quot; /&gt;&lt;/object&gt; ', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip55_3368', title: 'we can be dangerous', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">we can be dangerous</a> but we can also be<br />
Motivated by <a id="tippy_tip56_495"   class=" tippy_link" title="affection and reciprocity"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: ' &lt;img src=&quot;http://rapguidetoevolution.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Reciprocity_pigs.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Political cartoon suggests the imbalance of benefit between the United States and Canada. The food in the pig trough reads &quot; width=&quot;384&quot; height=&quot;262&quot; /&gt; The evolutionary origins of generosity are discussed in a paper entitled&lt;a href=&quot;http://iss.sagepub.com/content/25/3/443.abstract&quot;&gt; &amp;#8220;The Evolutionary Origins of Human Generosity&amp;#8221; by Aafke Komter&lt;/a&gt; or you can find out more in this article by USA Today: &amp;#8220;Unraveling the mystery of why we give, or don&amp;#8217;t&amp;#8221;. ', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip56_495', title: 'affection and reciprocity', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">affection and reciprocity</a><br />
Or by that Old Testament animosity: an eye for an eye<br />
But that philosophy’s got the <a id="tippy_tip57_7598"   class=" tippy_link" title="whole world blind"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: ' The quotation &ldquo;An eye for an eye makes the whole world blind&rdquo; is attributed to Mohandas Gandhi. ', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip57_7598', title: 'whole world blind', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">whole world blind</a><br />
Let’s not pretend it’s gonna be a cake-walk to end it<br />
If violence is an instinct, it’s not entirely <a id="tippy_tip58_1653"   class=" tippy_link" title="senseless"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: 'In many contexts where violence seems &ldquo;senseless&rdquo; to individuals, a perfectly &ldquo;sensible&rdquo; evolutionary explanation exists. ', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip58_1653', title: 'senseless', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">senseless</a><br />
But the <a id="tippy_tip59_3595"   class=" tippy_link" title="logic of human destiny"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: 'Check out the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nonzero.org/&quot;&gt;book with this title by Robert Wright&lt;/a&gt; ', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip59_3595', title: 'logic of human destiny', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">logic of human destiny</a> is reciprocal altruism</p>
<p>Yes we can change our perspectives<br />
And as soon as this is widely comprehended<br />
Then I predict we’ll be as <a id="tippy_tip60_6352"   class=" tippy_link" title="calm as Galapagos finches"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: ' &lt;img class=&quot;alignnone&quot; src=&quot;http://rapguidetoevolution.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/the_better_angels_cover.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Steven Pinker&amp;#8217;s latest book&quot; width=&quot;150&quot; height=&quot;227&quot; /&gt;Darwin&rsquo;s prediction of increasing peace based on a mixture of reason and natural sympathies appears to be coming true gradually, since anthropologists have noted a steady drop in homicide and violence over the past 1000 years. If you&amp;#8217;re interested in finding out more why not check out Steven Pinker&amp;#8217;s latest book: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2011/sep/22/better-angels-steven-pinker-review&quot;&gt;&amp;#8220;The Angels of our Nature&amp;#8221;&lt;/a&gt; ', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip60_6352', title: 'calm as Galapagos finches', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">calm as Galapagos finches</a></p>
<p>Worst comes to worst, my people come first<br />
But my tribe lives on every country on earth<br />
I’ll do anything to protect them from hurt<br />
The human race is what I serve</p>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://rapguidetoevolution.co.uk/worst-comes-to-worst/feed</wfw:commentRss>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>DNA</title>
		<link>http://rapguidetoevolution.co.uk/dna</link>
		<comments>http://rapguidetoevolution.co.uk/dna#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 16 Sep 2011 22:57:03 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>rapguide</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Video]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Adaptation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Common Ancestors]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[DNA Replication]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Double Helix]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Fitness]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Heritability]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mutation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Protein Synthesis]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://rapguidetoevolution.co.uk/?p=818</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[We are made of  We are made of DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid is what we are made of We are made of DNA We are made of DNA Strands of Are where all these bodies came from In the story of &#8230; <a href="http://rapguidetoevolution.co.uk/dna">Continue reading <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a>]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="attachment_1219" class="wp-caption alignright" style="width: 278px"><img class="size-full wp-image-1219  " title="DNA FINAL" src="http://rapguidetoevolution.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/DNA-FINAL.png" alt="" width="268" height="244" /><p class="wp-caption-text">DNA is a double helix made up of 4 building blocks -bases- called adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C) and guanine (G). The human body contains almost 3 billion bases of DNA.</p></div>
<p>We are made of <a id="tippy_tip61_9877"   class=" tippy_link" title="DNA"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: ' DNA or &amp;#8216;Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid&amp;#8217; is essentially a complex molecule that encodes genetic information. It provides a set of instructions used in the development and functioning of all living organisms. DNA consists of two sugar-phosphate strands wound around each other in a double helix, bound together by a sequence of pairs known as &amp;#8216;bases&amp;#8217;: adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine ', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip61_9877', title: 'DNA', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">DNA</a><br />
We are made of DNA<br />
Deoxyribonucleic<br />
Acid is what we are made of<br />
We are made of DNA<br />
We are made of DNA<br />
Strands of <a id="tippy_tip62_786"   class=" tippy_link" title="double helix"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: '&nbsp;&lt;img class=&quot;size-medium wp-image-1248 alignnone&quot; title=&quot;Discovering DNA structure&quot; src=&quot;http://rapguidetoevolution.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/Discovering-DNA-structure-300x180.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;300&quot; height=&quot;180&quot; /&gt;Who discovered the structure of DNA and why exactly is it shaped as double helix? &lt;a title=&quot;The Discovery of DNA&quot; href=&quot;http://www.nobelprize.org/educational/medicine/dna_double_helix/readmore.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Delve into the world&lt;/a&gt; of science history with James Watson, Francis Crick and Rosalind Franklin', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip62_786', title: 'double helix', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">double helix</a><br />
Are where all these bodies came from</p>
<p>In the story of life on this crazy planet<br />
The protagonist isn’t man, no<br />
It’s a <a id="tippy_tip63_4231"   class=" tippy_link" title="microscopic information package"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: ' &lt;img class=&quot;alignnone size-medium wp-image-1252&quot; title=&quot;A gene is made of DNA&quot; src=&quot;http://rapguidetoevolution.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/concept17-300x199.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;300&quot; height=&quot;199&quot; /&gt;How do we know for sure that genes are made from DNA and that DNA encodes &amp;#40;genetic&amp;#41; information?&nbsp;In the 1920s, experiments showed that a harmless strain of bacteria can become infectious when mixed with a virulent strain of bacteria that had been killed. The dead bacteria apparently provide some chemical that &amp;#8220;transforms&amp;#8221; the harmless bacteria to infectious ones. This so-called &amp;#8220;transforming principle&amp;#8221; appeared to be a gene. &lt;a title=&quot;A gene is made of DNA&quot; href=&quot;http://www.dnaftb.org/17/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Find out more about the experiment they used here.&lt;/a&gt; ', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip63_4231', title: 'microscopic information package', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">microscopic information package</a><br />
Called deoxyribonucleic acid<br />
The DNA strand has the same basic plan<br />
In <a id="tippy_tip64_2438"   class=" tippy_link" title="every living thing"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: ' With the exception of &amp;#8216;&lt;a title=&quot;About RNA viruses&quot; href=&quot;http://www.epidemic.org/theFacts/viruses/rnaViruses/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;RNA viruses&lt;/a&gt;&amp;#8216; &amp;#40;which store their information as &lt;a title=&quot;More about RNA&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;ribonucleic acid&lt;/a&gt;&amp;#41; , all living things share this genetic code, but it is arranged differently in different species to produce the variety of life seen on the planet today. Think of it like flour. This is used to make cakes, bread, biscuits and many other recipes none of which taste or look exactly the same ', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip64_2438', title: 'every living thing', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">every living thing</a>, every plant<br />
Every animal, every little flea<br />
Has the same <a id="tippy_tip65_4085"   class=" tippy_link" title="proteins"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: ' So how do you get from DNA, simply said a genetic code, to flesh and blood? The video below explains ', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip65_4085', title: 'proteins', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">proteins</a> with a certain percentage<br />
Of the same <a id="tippy_tip66_3895"   class=" tippy_link" title="genes"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: ' Although the human genome consists of only 4 letters, A, G, C and T &amp;#40;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.genome.gov/glossary/index.cfm?id=143&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;nucleotides&lt;/a&gt;&amp;#41; there are 3 billion of these letters &amp;#40;the letters form words &amp;#40;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.genome.gov/glossary/index.cfm?id=36&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;codons&lt;/a&gt;&amp;#41; which give instructions on how to make &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.genome.gov/glossary/index.cfm?id=169&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;proteins&lt;/a&gt;&amp;#41;. As a &amp;#8216;book&amp;#8217; all these letters and words would fill two-hundred, 500 page telephone directories and stack 61 meters &amp;#40;200 ft&amp;#41; high. It would also take a century to recite if we recited at 1 letter per second, 24 hours per day', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip66_3895', title: 'genes', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">genes</a> arranged identically<br />
It’s no coincidence; it means every living thing<br />
Has a <a id="tippy_tip67_2184"   class=" tippy_link" title="shared ancestor"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: ' Also known as the &amp;#8216;most recent common ancestor&amp;#8217; &amp;#40;MRCA&amp;#41; this is the most recent individual from which all organisms in the group are directly descended. Wondering how human evolution all fits together? Watch this video to find out more:&nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://rapguidetoevolution.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/stringer10_02.mp4&quot;&gt;Sorting out Human Evolution &amp;#8211; by Chris Stringer&lt;/a&gt;', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip67_2184', title: 'shared ancestor', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">shared ancestor</a> with every living thing<br />
This is true for Jews and Christians and Sufi mystics<br />
And Buddhists and every religion and superstition<br />
If you can listen to this it means you’re passing through<br />
This existence on a <a id="tippy_tip68_9267"   class=" tippy_link" title="wave of DNA"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: ' Individuals, you and me, all eventually die. A whole population may die out and even a whole species may go extinct. Hence, some scientists, notably Richard Dawkins in his book &amp;#8216;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River_Out_of_Eden&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;River out of Eden&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;#8217; views life as a &amp;#8216;river&amp;#8217; of genes flowing through time. You and I are just the carriers or vessels of these genes. &nbsp;As long as we survive long enough to reproduce the genes will persist.&nbsp;It is for this reason that natural selection&nbsp;&lt;em&gt;can&lt;/em&gt; support lethal and harmful variants of genes, if their expression occurs after reproduction e.g. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bbc.co.uk/health/physical_health/conditions/huntingtons1.shtml&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Huntington&amp;#8217;s&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bbc.co.uk/health/physical_health/conditions/parkinsons1.shtml&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Parkinson&amp;#8217;s&lt;/a&gt; Disease.', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip68_9267', title: 'wave of DNA', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">wave of DNA</a><br />
And you’re just one of its newest inventions</p>
<div id="attachment_1259" class="wp-caption alignright" style="width: 400px"><img class="size-full wp-image-1259   " title="From_the_Cell_to_Protein_Machines_-_original" src="http://rapguidetoevolution.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/From_the_Cell_to_Protein_Machines_-_original.jpg" alt="" width="390" height="307" /><p class="wp-caption-text">Although genes get a lot of attention, its the proteins that perform most life functions and make up the majority of cellular structures. Proteins are large, complex molecules made up of smaller subunits called amino acids. Chemical properties that distinguish the 20 different amino acids cause the protein chains to fold up into specific three-dimensional structures that define their particular functions in the cell. Courtesy of: U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science</p></div>
<p>We are made of DNA<br />
We are made of DNA<br />
Deoxyribonucleic<br />
Acid is what we are made of<br />
We are made of DNA<br />
We are made of DNA<br />
Strands of double helix<br />
Are where all these bodies came from</p>
<p>Now if you want me to tell you how a simple molecule<br />
Could build bodies so well with such an obvious wealth<br />
Of variation and <a id="tippy_tip69_8935"   class=" tippy_link" title="adaptation"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: ' Adaptation is any characteristic of an organism that improves its survival and reproduction in its local environment', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip69_8935', title: 'adaptation', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">adaptation</a>, well<br />
In DNA’s case it’s ‘cause it copies itself<br />
And makes <a id="tippy_tip70_2637"   class=" tippy_link" title="little mistakes"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: ' Like the different ingredients in a cooking recipe, if genes are shuffled in the wrong order or left out, a problem may result. In the case of cooking, your bread may not rise or your cake might be sour rather than sweet. In the case of genes, these mistakes, also known as &amp;#8216;mutations&amp;#8217;, can cause changes in the DNA sequence. More often than not, this means a crucial component &amp;#40;e.g. protein&amp;#41; cannot be made and illness or death may result. Such mutations are therefore said to be &amp;#8216;deleterious&amp;#8217;. Mutations can also be caused by external agents such as radiation or viruses. Mutations are however a crucial source of &lt;a href=&quot;http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/0_0_0/evo_17&quot;&gt;genetic variation&lt;/a&gt; &lt;object width=&quot;400&quot; height=&quot;233&quot; classid=&quot;clsid:d27cdb6e-ae6d-11cf-96b8-444553540000&quot; codebase=&quot;http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,40,0&quot;&gt;&lt;param name=&quot;allowFullScreen&quot; value=&quot;true&quot; /&gt;&lt;param name=&quot;allowscriptaccess&quot; value=&quot;always&quot; /&gt;&lt;param name=&quot;src&quot; value=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/v/efstlgoynlk?version=3&amp;amp;hl=en_US&quot; /&gt;&lt;param name=&quot;allowfullscreen&quot; value=&quot;true&quot; /&gt;&lt;embed width=&quot;400&quot; height=&quot;233&quot; type=&quot;application/x-shockwave-flash&quot; src=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/v/efstlgoynlk?version=3&amp;amp;hl=en_US&quot; allowFullScreen=&quot;true&quot; allowscriptaccess=&quot;always&quot; allowfullscreen=&quot;true&quot; /&gt;&lt;/object&gt; ', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip70_2637', title: 'little mistakes', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">little mistakes</a> which would not really help<br />
Except that one in every million is a slight improvement<br />
And leaves more copies, whether mice or humans<br />
And that’s what keeps this whole life thing movin’<br />
Changing and growing and competing for mates<br />
‘Cause that’s the only way to keep your DNA<br />
Up in the race, which explains a lot<br />
Like how animals and plants all behave in the wild<br />
So next time you shake hands or break dance<br />
Or make plans, don’t forget the straight facts<br />
The information that makes your brains and hands<br />
Comes from one place: <a id="tippy_tip71_3723"   class=" tippy_link" title="DNA strands"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: ' Still hungry for more information on everything genetics? Check out the excellent resources provided by Cold Spring Harbor:&lt;a title=&quot;DNA from the Beginning&quot; href=&quot;http://www.dnaftb.org/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;DNA from the Beginning &lt;/a&gt;', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip71_3723', title: 'DNA strands', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">DNA strands</a></p>
<p>We are made of DNA<br />
We are made of DNA<br />
Deoxyribonucleic<br />
Acid is what we are made of<br />
We are made of DNA<br />
We are made of DNA<br />
Strands of double helix<br />
Are where all these bodies came from</p>
<p>Yeah, this goes out to Watson and Crick<br />
Who discovered the twist<br />
And to the Human Genome Project<br />
And to those who speed up the process<br />
I mean like Digital PCR<br />
Record a gene faster than a VCR<br />
This is the future so you better get used to it<br />
This is what we are</p>
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<enclosure url="http://rapguidetoevolution.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/stringer10_02.mp4" length="3584492" type="video/mp4" />
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Natural Selection</title>
		<link>http://rapguidetoevolution.co.uk/natural-selection</link>
		<comments>http://rapguidetoevolution.co.uk/natural-selection#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 01 Jul 2011 23:05:19 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>rapguide</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Video]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cultural Evolution]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Extinction]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Fitness]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Genetic Drift]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[God of the Gaps]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Heredity]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Intelligent Design]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Kinship]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Memes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Natural Selection]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Tree of Life]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://rapguidetoevolution.co.uk/?p=798</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[“Whoever is lead to believe that species are mutable, will do good service by conscientiously expressing his conviction, for only thus can the load of prejudice by which this subject is overwhelmed, be removed.” Charles Darwin, So what-ch-you know about &#8230; <a href="http://rapguidetoevolution.co.uk/natural-selection">Continue reading <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a>]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><em>“Whoever is lead to believe that species are mutable, will do good service by conscientiously expressing his conviction, </em><em>for only thus can the load of prejudice by which this subject is overwhelmed, be removed.”</em></p>
<p><em> </em><strong>Charles Darwin</strong>, <a id="tippy_tip72_5461"   class=" tippy_link" title="Origin of Species"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: ' Note: Darwin first published his theory in 1859, and the &ldquo;load of prejudice&rdquo; he originally referred to is still widespread. To find out more click &lt;a href=&quot;href=&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&nbsp;', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip72_5461', title: 'Origin of Species', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">Origin of Species</a></p>
<div id="attachment_1168" class="wp-caption alignright" style="width: 221px"><img class="size-full wp-image-1168" title="Blind Watchmaker book cover" src="http://rapguidetoevolution.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/Blind-Watchmaker-book-cover.jpg" alt="" width="211" height="333" /><p class="wp-caption-text">Richard Dawkin&#39;s 1986 bestseller</p></div>
<p><a href="http://rapguidetoevolution.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/Blind-Watchmaker-book-cover.jpg"></a>So what-ch-you know about <a id="tippy_tip73_704"   class=" tippy_link" title="Natural Selection?"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: ' Note: The heart of Darwin&rsquo;s theory is &ldquo;&lt;a href=&quot;http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/evo_25&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Natural Selection&lt;/a&gt;,&rdquo; the notion that differences among individuals will lead to change at the population level as some variations are favored over others in the struggle for existence. Why not experience natural selection first hand with &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nhm.ac.uk/nature-online/evolution/what-is-evolution/natural-selection-game/the-evolution-experience.html&quot;&gt;this game&lt;/a&gt;? ', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip73_704', title: 'Natural Selection?', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">Natural Selection?</a> Go ahead<br />
And ask a question and <a id="tippy_tip74_8732"   class=" tippy_link" title="see where the answer gets you"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: 'Natural Selection is by definition an open-ended process with no pre-conceived target or conclusion.', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip74_8732', title: 'see where the answer gets you', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">see where the answer gets you</a><br />
Try bein’ passive aggressive or try smashin’ heads in<br />
And see which tactic brings your plans to fruition<br />
And if you have an explanation in mind, then you’re<br />
Wastin’ your time, ‘cause the best <a id="tippy_tip75_7655"   class=" tippy_link" title="watchmaker is blind"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: 'Richard Dawkins coined the phrase &ldquo;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bnfn_2rhGLc&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;The Blind WatchMaker&amp;#8221;&lt;/a&gt;&rdquo; to describe Natural Selection in his book of the same name, as a response to the creationist charge that design always requires a &ldquo;designer&rdquo;.', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip75_7655', title: 'watchmaker is blind', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">watchmaker is blind</a><br />
It takes a certain base kind of <a id="tippy_tip76_9560"   class=" tippy_link" title=""  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: 'Objections to evolution are usually based on a refusal to consider either the number of mutations and variations involved in the process, or the amount of time it takes for change to occur, from tens to thousands to billions of years.', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip76_9560', title: '', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();"></a><br />
To explain away nature with <a id="tippy_tip77_9641"   class=" tippy_link" title="“intelligent"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: '&ldquo;Intelligent Design&rdquo; is a pseudo-scientific front for Creationism, the notion that evolution either didn&rsquo;t happen or is guided by divine oversight. Neither belief is supported by a jot of scientific evidence. &lt;a title=&quot;What is intelligent design?&quot; href=&quot;http://ncse.com/creationism/general/what-is-intelligent-design-creationism&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;The National Centre for Science Education&lt;/a&gt; is a good place to start if you want to find out more.', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip77_9641', title: '“intelligent', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">“intelligent</a></p>
<p>But the truth shall set you free<br />
From those useless <a id="tippy_tip78_4036"   class=" tippy_link" title="superstitious"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: ' A superstition is a notion or belief not based on reason or knowledge. It includes such things as fear of the number 13, walking under ladders and the belief that horseshoes are &amp;#8216;lucky&amp;#8217;', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip78_4036', title: 'superstitious', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">superstitious</a>,  beliefs<br />
In a <a id="tippy_tip79_2278"   class=" tippy_link" title=""  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: 'As opposed to a &ldquo;literal Adam and Eve&rdquo; the theory of evolution offers &lt;a title=&quot;Find out more about human origins&quot; href=&quot;http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/999030.stm&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&ldquo;Mitochondrial Eve&rdquo; and &ldquo;Y-chromosome Adam&rdquo;&lt;/a&gt; as ways of conceiving of our ancestry. These are the last female and the last male ancestor of all living human beings, respectively.', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip79_2278', title: '', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();"></a>, and that Edenic myth<br />
‘Cause their <a id="tippy_tip80_1227"   class=" tippy_link" title="family tree"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: 'Note: Darwin was the first to show how the &ldquo;Tree of Life&rdquo; connects all living things, from humans to ferns to mushrooms. To explore the Tree of Life go to the &lt;a title=&quot;Interactive tree of life&quot; href=&quot;http://www.wellcometreeoflife.org/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Wellcome Trust&amp;#8217;s interactive feature&lt;/a&gt; ', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip80_1227', title: 'family tree', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">family tree</a> is showin’ some <a id="tippy_tip81_9835"   class=" tippy_link" title="genetic drift"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: 'Note: &ldquo;&lt;a title=&quot;Mechanisms in evolution video&quot; href=&quot;http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/9834092339/student_view0/chapter20/animation_-_mechanisms_of_evolution.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Genetic Drift&lt;/a&gt;&rdquo; is a form of random or non-directional evolutionary change, different from Natural Selection which is non-random and responsive to the environment.', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip81_9835', title: 'genetic drift', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">genetic drift</a><br />
Take it from this bald-headed non-celibate monk<br />
With the lyrical equivalent of an <a id="tippy_tip82_1741"   class=" tippy_link" title="elephant’s trunk"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: 'The elephant&rsquo;s trunk is one example of an organ that was enlarged and made versatile by evolution. Another example is the human brain.', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip82_1741', title: 'elephant’s trunk', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">elephant’s trunk</a><br />
It’s time to elevate your mind-state<br />
And <a id="tippy_tip83_2073"   class=" tippy_link" title="celebrate your kinship with the primates"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: 'Recent genetic evidence has shown that humans, chimpanzees, and bonobos are much more closely related than any of us are to the other great apes such as gorillas and orangutans, which prompted Jared Diamond to describe humans as &amp;#8220;The Third Chimpanzee.&amp;#8221; You can explore your origins with the&lt;a href=&quot;http://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-fossils/species/human-family-tree&quot;&gt; Smithsonian interactive family tree&lt;/a&gt;', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip83_2073', title: 'celebrate your kinship with the primates', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">celebrate your kinship with the primates</a><br />
The weak and the strong, who got it goin’ on?<br />
We lived in the dark for so long<br />
The weak and the strong, Darwin got it goin’ on<br />
<a id="tippy_tip84_8170"   class=" tippy_link" title="Creationism is dead wrong"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: '&ldquo;Dead wrong&rdquo; in the sense of &ldquo;incorrect&rdquo; rather than &ldquo;immoral&rdquo;, although a case could also be made for the latter.', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip84_8170', title: 'Creationism is dead wrong', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">Creationism is dead wrong</a></p>
<div id="attachment_1172" class="wp-caption alignright" style="width: 248px"><img class="size-full wp-image-1172" title="Intelligent design" src="http://rapguidetoevolution.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/Intelligent-design1.jpg" alt="" width="238" height="233" /><p class="wp-caption-text">Image courtesy of Kapungo via Flickr (Creative Commons)</p></div>
<p>“The view which most naturalists entertain<a id="tippy_tip85_2400"   class=" tippy_link" title="…"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: '&ldquo;Dead wrong&rdquo; in the sense of &ldquo;incorrect&rdquo; rather than &ldquo;immoral&rdquo;, although a case could also be made for the latter.', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip85_2400', title: '…', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">…</a>namely that each species has been independently created, is erroneous.”<br />
<strong>Charles Darwin</strong>, <em>Origin of Species</em></p>
<p>Okay, it’s time to reveal my identity<br />
I’m the manifestation of <a id="tippy_tip86_5341"   class=" tippy_link" title="tens of millions"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: 'The first fossilized evidence of sexually reproducing organisms is from eukaryotes of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/precambrian/proterozoic.html&quot;&gt;Mesoproterozoic&lt;/a&gt; period, about 1 to 1.2 billion years ago. Author &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mattridley.net/&quot;&gt;Matt Ridley&lt;/a&gt; asks &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/sex/advantage/index.html&quot;&gt;why sex exists&lt;/a&gt; in the first place ', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip86_5341', title: 'tens of millions', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">tens of millions</a><br />
Of centuries of sexual selection, best believe<br />
I’m the <a id="tippy_tip87_8565"   class=" tippy_link" title="best of the best of the best of the best"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: '&ldquo;Best&rdquo; in the sense of &ldquo;Best-suited to the local environment&amp;#8221; since &amp;#8220;fitness&amp;#8221; is always measured in &lt;a href=&quot;http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evosite/evo101/IIIE5aNotadaptation.shtml&quot;&gt;relative terms&lt;/a&gt;.', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip87_8565', title: 'best of the best of the best of the best', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">best of the best of the best of the best</a></p>
<p>Of generations of competitive pressure genetically<br />
But don’t get upset, ‘cause <a id="tippy_tip88_9898"   class=" tippy_link" title="we’ve got the same pedigree"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: 'This is only true up until our most recent common ancestor, of course. Ever since that person lived we have had a different pedigree &amp;#40;everyone except my siblings&amp;#41;.', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip88_9898', title: 'we’ve got the same pedigree', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">we’ve got the same pedigree</a><br />
You and I will find a <a id="tippy_tip89_6895"   class=" tippy_link" title="common ancestor"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: 'The &amp;#8220;most recent common ancestor&amp;#8221; of all living humans probably lived just a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v431/n7008/full/nature02842.html&quot;&gt;few thousand years ago&lt;/a&gt;.', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip89_6895', title: 'common ancestor', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">common ancestor</a> eventually<br />
If we rewind geological time regressively<br />
And I could say the same for this <a id="tippy_tip90_2160"   class=" tippy_link" title="hibiscus tree"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: 'Flowering plants first appeared during the Cretaceous about 140 million years ago', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip90_2160', title: 'hibiscus tree', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">hibiscus tree</a><br />
And this <a id="tippy_tip91_6251"   class=" tippy_link" title="lizard"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: 'These reptiles first appeared during the Triassic period about 220 million years ago ', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip91_6251', title: 'lizard', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">lizard</a> and this <a id="tippy_tip92_6772"   class=" tippy_link" title="flea"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: 'Well before the dinosaurs, insects lived on earth. They first appeared around 250 million years ago', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip92_6772', title: 'flea', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">flea</a> and this sesame seed<br />
And if you still disbelieve in what your <a id="tippy_tip93_2847"   class=" tippy_link" title="senses perceive"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: 'Tangible evidence for evolution can be found in any natural history museum.', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip93_2847', title: 'senses perceive', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">senses perceive</a><br />
Then I could even use this rhyme as a remedy<br />
‘Cause there’s so much <a id="tippy_tip94_482"   class=" tippy_link" title="variation"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: 'Variation is a necessary precondition for natural selection to occur. Genetic variation is the product of random mutations and gene flow from one area to another.', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip94_482', title: 'variation', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">variation</a> in the styles in this industry<br />
And <a id="tippy_tip95_9111"   class=" tippy_link" title="differential survival"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: '&ldquo;Differential survival&rdquo; or &ldquo;selection&rdquo; acts on both genetic and cultural variation.', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip95_9111', title: 'differential survival', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">differential survival</a> when the people listening<br />
Decide what they’re into and what really isn’t interesting</p>
<div id="attachment_1171" class="wp-caption alignright" style="width: 210px"><img class="size-full wp-image-1171" title="Hibiscus" src="http://rapguidetoevolution.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/Hibiscus.jpg" alt="" width="200" height="300" /><p class="wp-caption-text">Hibiscus flower. Courtesy of Muhammad Mahdi Karim via Wikimedia Commons</p></div>
<p>You could <a id="tippy_tip96_6833"   class=" tippy_link" title="thrive"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: 'People may have different opinions about which recording artists &ldquo;deserve&rdquo; to thrive, but the billboard charts provide a reliable guide to which ones actually do.', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip96_6833', title: 'thrive', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">thrive</a> like Timberlake on a Timberland beat<br />
Or go extinct like <a id="tippy_tip97_4278"   class=" tippy_link" title="Vanilla Ice"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: 'To be fair, Vanilla Ice is not extinct, his fossilized recordings still populate nostalgic 80&rsquo;s hip-hop playlists, and as an &ldquo;artist&rdquo; he has evolved into a new niche hosting home-improvement reality TV shows.', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip97_4278', title: 'Vanilla Ice', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">Vanilla Ice</a> and N’Sync<br />
It’s survival of the fittest, but <a id="tippy_tip98_1296"   class=" tippy_link" title=""  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: '&amp;#8220;fitness is a tricky thing&amp;#8221;]Since &ldquo;fitness&rdquo; is only ever measured in relation to the relevant local environment, there really is no such thing as &ldquo;absolute fitness.&rdquo; Some would argue there is also no such thing as &ldquo;true art.&rdquo;', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip98_1296', title: '', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();"></a><br />
It changes from place to place and from winter to spring<br />
But the real question in this social-scientific <a id="tippy_tip99_6100"   class=" tippy_link" title="simile"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: 'There is a legitimate debate as to whether cultural evolution is merely &ldquo;like&rdquo; biological evolution &amp;#40;ie &ldquo;simile&rdquo;&amp;#41; or whether they are actually the same process operating on different information systems.', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip99_6100', title: 'simile', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">simile</a><br />
Is <a id="tippy_tip100_3213"   class=" tippy_link" title="heredity"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: '&ldquo;Heredity&rdquo; is the means by which information is passed from one generation to the next. The unit of heredity in nature is the &ldquo;gene.&rdquo; The &ldquo;unit of heredity&rdquo; in culture is more difficult to define.', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip100_3213', title: 'heredity', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">heredity</a>, whether we <a id="tippy_tip101_3833"   class=" tippy_link" title="inherit our techniques"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: 'Imitation is one form of &ldquo;cultural inheritance,&rdquo; that could lead to natural selection, if the imitation were sufficiently precise, but not so precise as to prevent variation', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip101_3833', title: 'inherit our techniques', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">inherit our techniques</a><br />
From our predecessors, or <a id="tippy_tip102_9723"   class=" tippy_link" title="invent them independently"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: 'If there really is such thing as an &ldquo;original idea&rdquo; then cultural evolution  is probably very different from genetic evolution. Luckily, no such idea has ever been identified.', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip102_9723', title: 'invent them independently', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">invent them independently</a><br />
But then we’re talkin’ <a id="tippy_tip103_8575"   class=" tippy_link" title="memes"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: 'Richard Dawkins proposed the name &ldquo;&lt;a href=&quot;http://memetics.chielens.net/memetics/examples.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;meme&lt;/a&gt;&rdquo; for the cultural analogue of a &ldquo;gene,&rdquo; that is, a unit of culture passed from one mind to another.', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip103_8575', title: 'memes', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">memes</a> and that’s a different thing<br />
Richard Dawkins <a id="tippy_tip104_4438"   class=" tippy_link" title="can I get a proper definition please?"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: 'Although Dawkins opened the &amp;#8220;meme&amp;#8221; debate, he has mostly left it to other writers such as Susan Blackmore and Daniel Dennett to develope the idea further, and many &amp;#8220;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2008/mar/15/society&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;meme-skeptics&lt;/a&gt;&amp;#8221; remain.', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip104_4438', title: 'can I get a proper definition please?', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">can I get a proper definition please?</a></p>
<p>The weak and the strong, who got it goin’ on?<br />
We lived in the dark for so long<br />
The weak and the strong, Darwin got it goin’ on<br />
Creationism is dead wrong<br />
The weak and the strong, who got it goin’ on?<br />
<a id="tippy_tip105_8455"   class=" tippy_link" title="Whoever leaves the most spawn"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: 'Evolution is often characterized in terms of &ldquo;survival&rdquo; as in &ldquo;survival of the fittest;&rdquo; however, it is actually a measure of comparative reproductive success.', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip105_8455', title: 'Whoever leaves the most spawn', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">Whoever leaves the most spawn</a><br />
The weak and the strong, Darwin got it goin’ on<br />
Creationism is erroneous</p>
<p>I hear some people complain, like “I don’t wanna be an ape!<br />
I never came from monkey DNA!<br />
I believe God made me in a day – Jesus saves!”<br />
Yeah, he’s great, but stop bein’ afraid<br />
To use the reason “he” gave you to let <a id="tippy_tip106_6230"   class=" tippy_link" title="science solve<br />
Some giant problems"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: ' Science has changed our world immeasurably, both for good &amp;#40;e.g. the reduction in disease&amp;#41; and bad &amp;#40;e.g. pollution&amp;#41;. There is undoubtedly &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2010/nov/30/10-big-questions-science-must-answer&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;much more to come&lt;/a&gt;! ', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip106_6230', title: 'science solve<br />
Some giant problems', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">science solve<br />
Some giant problems</a> and find some <a id="tippy_tip107_3998"   class=" tippy_link" title="final results"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: 'Science only finds &ldquo;final results&rdquo; in so far as all attempts to overturn those results via the scientific method &amp;#40;hypothesis and disconfirmation, reproducible experiments, empirical evidence&amp;#41; end in failure. After a certain number of attempts, scientists tend to treat those results as &amp;#8220;final&amp;#8221; that have best withstood attempts to overturn them, although further attempts are always welcome. Some examples of &amp;#8220;final results&amp;#8221; include the theory that the earth orbits the sun and not vice versa, the germ theory of disease, and the theory of evolution by natural selection as an explanation for biological form and function.', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip107_3998', title: 'final results', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">final results</a><br />
<div id="attachment_1180" class="wp-caption alignright" style="width: 210px"><img class="size-full wp-image-1180 " title="lizard" src="http://rapguidetoevolution.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/lizard.jpg" alt="" width="200" height="150" /><p class="wp-caption-text">A Blotched Blue-Tongued Skink, Tiliqua nigrolutea, basking on open sandy ground. Image courtesy of Benjamint444 via Wikimedia Commons</p></div>I think it’s time for y’all to let your minds evolve<br />
And listen to a different kind of <a id="tippy_tip108_8097"   class=" tippy_link" title="silent call"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: 'A &ldquo;silent call&rdquo; is a phone call with no one at the other end of the line, usually initiated by a telemarketer or salesperson', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip108_8097', title: 'silent call', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">silent call</a><br />
The kind that comes from pine trees and not Pinesol<br />
I’m talkin’ about the <a id="tippy_tip109_267"   class=" tippy_link" title="mystical vision that Einstein saw"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: '&ldquo;&lt;em&gt;If something is in me which can be called religious then it is the unbounded admiration for the structure of the world so far as our science can reveal it&lt;/em&gt;.&rdquo; Albert Einstein,&nbsp;&lt;span&gt;Albert Einstein, letter to an atheist &amp;#40;1954&amp;#41;, quoted in&nbsp;Albert Einstein: &lt;em&gt;The Human Side&lt;/em&gt;, edited by Helen Dukas &amp;amp; Banesh Hoffman', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip109_267', title: 'mystical vision that Einstein saw', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">mystical vision that Einstein saw</a></span></p>
<p>Wondering at the infinite depth of divine thought<br />
And realizing that scripture can never define God<br />
‘Cause if there is a personal God, <a id="tippy_tip110_6177"   class=" tippy_link" title="then he’s been jerkin’ off"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: 'A somewhat crude way of expressing the fact that there is no reliable evidence for the existence of a personal God, hence &amp;#8220;he&amp;#8221; can hardly be said to &amp;#8220;do&amp;#8221; anything of interest.', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip110_6177', title: 'then he’s been jerkin’ off', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">then he’s been jerkin’ off</a><br />
So why would he bother designing an albatross<br />
Especially when natural selection does such an excellent job<br />
Just by <a id="tippy_tip111_9224"   class=" tippy_link" title="balancing benefits and costs?"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: 'Each mutation&rsquo;s costs to survival and reproduction are balanced against its benefits, and the genes that spread are the ones with the greatest &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/evolutionary-adaptation-in-the-human-lineage-12397&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;benefit-to-cost ratio&lt;/a&gt; in the ledger of &amp;#8220;surviving descendents&amp;#8221;', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip111_9224', title: 'balancing benefits and costs?', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">balancing benefits and costs?</a><br />
I say banish <a id="tippy_tip112_102"   class=" tippy_link" title="God into the gaps"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: ' &amp;#8220;God of the gaps&amp;#8221; is the belief that God&amp;#8217;s existence is proven by those things that science cannot explain. As many people have pointed out, this argument is full of &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God_of_the_gaps&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;holes&lt;/a&gt;.', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip112_102', title: 'God into the gaps', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">God into the gaps</a><br />
If he can’t help us understand the simplest facts<br />
I want a relaxed God of infinite naps<br />
We’ll be all right without him, just give us a chance</p>
<p>The weak and the strong, who got it goin’ on<br />
We lived in the dark for so long<br />
The weak and the strong, Darwin got it goin’ on<br />
Creationism is dead wrong</p>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://rapguidetoevolution.co.uk/natural-selection/feed</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>7</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Survival of the Fittest</title>
		<link>http://rapguidetoevolution.co.uk/survival-of-the-fittest</link>
		<comments>http://rapguidetoevolution.co.uk/survival-of-the-fittest#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 15 Jun 2011 23:06:10 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>rapguide</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Video]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Adaptation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Evolutionary Psychology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Future Discounting]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Life Expectancy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Life History Theory]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Reproductive Strategies]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Status Competition]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Time Horizons]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ultimate Cause]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://rapguidetoevolution.co.uk/?p=763</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Yeah, I’m sendin&#8217; this one out to my people Yeah, , , yeah Yeah, we livin’ this ‘til the day that we die Survival of the fit, only the strong survive There’s a war goin’ on outside no man is &#8230; <a href="http://rapguidetoevolution.co.uk/survival-of-the-fittest">Continue reading <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a>]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<a id="tippy_tip113_7818"   class=" tippy_link" title="Survival of the Fittest"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: 'This phrase was coined not by Darwin but by his contemporary Herbert Spencer, and its often used as a shorthand for the bleaker side of Darwin&rsquo;s theory. It&rsquo;s actual meaning in biology is not &ldquo;the strong survive&rdquo; but &ldquo;survival of the best-fitted to their environment&rdquo;. This song is inspired by the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Survival_of_the_Fittest_&amp;#40;song&amp;#41;&quot;&gt;Mobb Deep song of the same name&lt;/a&gt;, released in 1995', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip113_7818', title: 'Survival of the Fittest', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">Survival of the Fittest</a>
<p>Yeah, I’m sendin&#8217; this one out to my <a id="tippy_tip114_1297"   class=" tippy_link" title="evolutionary psychology"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: 'Evolutionary psychology &amp;#40;EP&amp;#41; attempts to explain psychological traits&mdash;such as memory, perception, or language&mdash;as adaptations, that is, as the functional products of natural selection or sexual selection. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.epjournal.net/&quot;&gt;Journal of Evolutionary Psychology&lt;/a&gt;', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip114_1297', title: 'evolutionary psychology', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">evolutionary psychology</a> people<br />
Yeah, <a id="tippy_tip115_8172"   class=" tippy_link" title="David Buss"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: '&lt;a href=&quot;http://homepage.psy.utexas.edu/homepage/Group/BussLAB/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;alignleft size-full wp-image-767&quot; title=&quot;bussdavid&quot; src=&quot;/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/bussdavid.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;200&quot; height=&quot;310&quot; /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;David Buss&amp;#8217; Website&lt;/a&gt;', width: 260, height: 340, id: 'tippy_tip115_8172', title: 'David Buss', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">David Buss</a>, <a id="tippy_tip116_219"   class=" tippy_link" title="Cosmides and Tooby"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: '&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.psych.ucsb.edu/research/cep/primer.html&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;alignleft size-full wp-image-774&quot; title=&quot;070215181012&quot; src=&quot;/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/070215181012.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;300&quot; height=&quot;217&quot; /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Leda Cosmides and John Tooby&lt;/a&gt;', width: 340, height: 257, id: 'tippy_tip116_219', title: 'Cosmides and Tooby', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">Cosmides and Tooby</a>, yeah <a id="tippy_tip117_6539"   class=" tippy_link" title="Geoffrey Miller"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: '&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.unm.edu/~psych/faculty/lg_gmiller.html&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;alignleft size-full wp-image-775&quot; title=&quot;miller photo&quot; src=&quot;/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/miller-photo.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;200&quot; height=&quot;330&quot; /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Geoffrey Miller&amp;#8217;s Website&lt;/a&gt;', width: 240, height: 350, id: 'tippy_tip117_6539', title: 'Geoffrey Miller', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">Geoffrey Miller</a><br />
Yeah, we livin’ this ‘til the day that we die<br />
Survival of the fit, only the strong survive</p>
<p>There’s a war goin’ on outside no man is safe from<br />
You can run but you can’t hide forever<br />
If you come to my block, you’ll see some territoriality<br />
A place where kill or be killed is the mentality<br />
But get it straight, it’s just a necessary strategy<br />
You gotta play the hand you’re dealt; you can’t magically<br />
<a id="tippy_tip118_6738"   class=" tippy_link" title="Escape from the habitat"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: ' The importance of the environment, including the social setting, people are raised in cannot be underestimated. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.equalitytrust.org.uk/why/evidence&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;The Equality Trust&lt;/a&gt; website has a comprehensive database of research which shows how your social setting and economic status &amp;#40;i.e. your environment&amp;#41; influences everything from physical and mental health to education and teenage birth rates.', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip118_6738', title: 'Escape from the habitat', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">Escape from the habitat</a><em> </em>that you was born in</p>
<p><img class="alignright size-full wp-image-1143" title="Violent crime in the USA 2004" src="http://rapguidetoevolution.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/Picture-10.png" alt="" width="265" height="291" />Three homicides in my neighbourhood this mornin’<br />
Cops came and kicked the crooked door in, with no warnin’<br />
And started roughin’ up my young cousin<br />
She’s only seventeen and got a bun in the oven<br />
Plus a concussion, but she ain’t done nothin’<br />
So keep your mouth shut and don’t jump to judgment<br />
On the lives we’re livin’ – just close your eyes and listen<br />
While I break down some homicide statistics<br />
So if you’re thinkin’ the criminal mind is just vacant<br />
You’re mistaken, this is calculated <a id="tippy_tip119_118"   class=" tippy_link" title="risk takin’"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: ' Read the full research paper by Daly and Wilson &lt;a href=&quot;http://rapguidetoevolution.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/Risk-taking.pdf&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;here: &amp;#8220;Risk-taking, intrasexual competition and homicide&amp;#8221;&lt;/a&gt; 2001.', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip119_118', title: 'risk takin’', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">risk takin’</a><br />
We’re livin’ in a situation with a low<br />
Life-expectancy, and a major discrepancy<br />
Between the haves and the have-nots, and you wonder<br />
Why the padlock on every cash box is smashed off<br />
C’mon, you can’t call it “pathological”<br />
Nah, that’s illogical; you can try to understand it<br />
But you can’t stop it though, not unless you address<br />
The root causes, the conscious and unconscious<br />
Decisions to discount future prospects<br />
C’mon, it’s obvious – the beat keeps bouncing<br />
The homicide rate keeps mounting, which leads<br />
To steep discounting, and a lot of violence<br />
But it’s not a virus; it’s a rational response<br />
To <a id="tippy_tip120_3434"   class=" tippy_link" title="high risk environments"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: 'Genetics, of course, also influences health and behaviour. Just as the environment changes, so do your genes. They are not static, but interact to influence who you are and what your children will be like. The interaction between environment and genetics is known as&nbsp;&lt;em&gt;epigenetics: &lt;/em&gt;the study of changes in gene activity that do not involve alterations to the genetic code, but still get passed down to at least one successive generation. Epigenetics shows that lifestlye changes, such as smoking or over eating, can influence your genetic expression. To find out more how epigenetic &amp;#8216;marks&amp;#8217; can tell your genes to switch &amp;#8216;on&amp;#8217; or &amp;#8216;off&amp;#8217;&nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,1951968-1,00.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;read &amp;#8220;Why your DNA isn&amp;#8217;t your destiny&amp;#8221; &lt;/a&gt;by John Cloud.', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip120_3434', title: 'high risk environments', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">high risk environments</a> and short time horizons<br />
With high stakes and highly visible prizes<br />
And you wonder why we’re criminal-minded<br />
Hey, you can’t say we’ll get satisfaction if we’re patient<br />
With self-control and delayed gratification<br />
When the only job that pays is casket-makin’<br />
And death is the ultimate plan cancellation<br />
So check the facts and recent data releasin’<br />
You’ll see a pattern of increasin’ competition<br />
A bunch of <a id="tippy_tip121_8799"   class=" tippy_link" title="young guys all stugglin’ and status seekin’"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: ' What is this macho behaviour all about? And what does it have to do with evolution? Read &lt;a href=&quot;http://rapguidetoevolution.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/machismo.pdf&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&amp;#8220;Darwinism and the roots of machismo&amp;#8221; here&lt;/a&gt;. This article includes further reading on homicide, life expectancy and the evolution of human sex differences. ', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip121_8799', title: 'young guys all stugglin’ and status seekin’', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">young guys all stugglin’ and status seekin’</a><br />
And causin’ the crimes that make the social fabric weaken<br />
And life expectancy also predicts teen pregnancy<br />
The need to leave a legacy genetically<br />
Will never be completely controlled contraceptively<br />
Yeah, that’s transparent – imagine if your kids<br />
Would never meet their grandparents, unless you followed<br />
The Bristol Palin plan for parenthood<br />
And then they say, “Ooh, these young girls are so damn careless<br />
Getting’ pregnant before marriage; it’s such a tragedy”<br />
Apparently it’s also a reproductive strategy,<br />
Especially when you can see them adjusting actively<br />
When their circumstances change; in both the cases<br />
Of the young ladies with babies and the male risk-takers<br />
You see people adapting to their situations<br />
And it’s the same in different places and with different races<br />
This is not about ethical justifications<br />
It’s evolutionary psych, and it’s just the basics<br />
And still people call this behaviour “maladaptive”<br />
Because of our reaction when violence happens<br />
But if we really want to change the outcome<br />
Then maybe we should just start questioning <a id="tippy_tip122_6269"   class=" tippy_link" title="how it’s adaptive"  onmouseover="Tippy.loadTip({ text: ' Is inner city violence a response to the ravages of poverty or a biochemical syndrome that can be fixed with drugs? Read Robert Wright&amp;#8217;s &lt;a href=&quot;http://rapguidetoevolution.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/Biology-of-Violence.pdf&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;article &amp;#8220;The biology of violence&amp;#8221;&lt;/a&gt; to find out more.', width: 0, height: 0, id: 'tippy_tip122_6269', title: 'how it’s adaptive', event: event });" onmouseout="Tippy.fadeTippyOut();">how it’s adaptive</a><br />
And the bottom line is that inequity and life<br />
Expectancy are the ultimate causes of crime<br />
And the results of crime; to me that’s true<br />
The two combine together in a feedback loop<br />
But I got some moves to make, so I’ll be back soon<br />
Just don’t ask me what I’m about to do<br />
‘Cause I can’t say, so it’s left to untold fact<br />
Until my death, my ghost will stay alive<br />
Survival of the fit, only the strong survive<br />
That’s right, we livin’ this ‘til the day that we die<br />
Survival of the fit, only the strong survive</p>
<p>(Repeat 4X)</p>
<p>Yeah, sendin’ this out to all my evolutionary psychologists<br />
Daly and Wilson, Steven Pinker, Robert Wright, yeah<br />
David Sloan Wilson, yeah that’s right, gather the evidence<br />
Make it real, make it real. Human mentality represent<br />
Yeah, this is human nature – human nature to the core<br />
I’ma get mine, and you get yours. Don’t question my actions<br />
Unless you’re ready to make a little addition, before I make a subtraction<br />
End you up in traction. That’s right, I love scrappin’<br />
Peace</p>
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